List of philosophical topics

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See also Philosophy basic topics for a pared-down list.

Table of contents 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 E 6 F 7 G 8 H 9 I 10 J 11 K 12 L 13 M 14 N 15 O 16 P 17 Q 18 R 19 S 20 T 21 U 22 V 23 W 24 X 25 Y 26 Z

A

Peter Abailard -- Nicola Abbagnano -- Abduction -- Peter Abelard -- Pierre Abelard -- Abortion -- The Absolute -- Absolute idealism[?] -- Absolute naturalism[?] -- Absolute theory of space[?] -- Abstract -- Abstract vs Concrete[?] -- Abstract ideas[?] -- Abstract objects[?] -- Abstraction -- The absurd[?] -- Abunaser[?] -- Academic Philosophy[?] -- Plato's Academy[?] -- Academy of Athens -- Academy of Florence[?] -- Accidental_properties -- Acceptance[?] -- Fallacy of the Accident[?] -- Accesibility Relation[?] -- Accidie[?] -- Achilles and the Tortoise[?] -- Acquaintance and Description[?] -- Action (philosophy)[?] -- Action at a distance[?] -- Act object ambiguity[?] -- Act and omisssion doctrine[?] -- Actual[?] -- Actualism[?] -- Actualty and potentiality[?] -- Actualization[?] -- Act utilitarianism[?] -- Adam of Wodeham[?] -- Adams thesis[?] -- Ad hoc hypothesis[?] -- Ad hoc theory[?] -- Ad hominem -- Ad hominem argument[?] -- Mortimer Adler -- Theodor Adorno -- Adventitous ideas[?] -- Advaita[?] -- Adiaphora[?] -- Adverbial theory[?] -- Aenesidemus of Cnossos[?] -- Aesop -- Aesthetics -- Aesthetic detachment[?] -- Aesthetic objectivity[?] -- Aesthetic values[?] -- Affirmative action -- Affirming the antecedent -- Affirming the consequent -- Aether -- Affective[?] -- Affirmative vs. negative propositions[?] -- A fortiori -- Age of reason[?] -- Agent -- Agent causation[?] -- Agent morality[?] -- Agent neutral reasons[?] -- Agent relative reasons[?] -- Agnostic -- Agnosticism -- Ahimsa -- AI -- Albert the Great -- Albert of Saxony[?] -- Albertus Magnus -- Samuel Alexander[?] -- Alexander of Aphrodisias -- Alexandrian school[?] -- Al Farabi[?] -- Abu Jasar Al-Farabi[?] -- Algazel -- Al-Ghazali -- Abu Hamid Muhammad Al-Ghazali[?] -- Robert Alyngton[?] -- Algorithm -- Yaqub ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi[?] -- Dante Alighieri -- Alienation -- Altruism -- Ambiguity-- Ammonius Saccas -- Saint Ambrose[?] -- Ammonius Saccus[?] -- Amoral decision[?] -- Amoralist[?] -- Amplative argument[?] -- Analogy -- Medieval theories of analogy[?] -- Analysis -- Analytic philosophy -- Analytic proposition -- Analytic vs synthetic knowledge[?] -- Anarchism -- Anarcho-capitalism -- Anarchism_and_natural_law_theory -- Anacharsis -- Anaxagoras -- Anaxarchus -- Anaximander of[?] -- Anaximenes -- Ancient philosophy -- John Anderson -- Ancient philosophy -- Ancient skepticism[?] -- Angst -- Animal consciousness[?] -- Animal rights -- Anotic[?] -- Anselm -- Saint Anselm -- Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe[?] -- Antecedent[?] -- Antecedentalism[?] -- Anthropic principle -- Anthropocentrism -- Anthropology-- Antimodernism -- Antinomianism -- Antinomy -- Antiperistasis[?] -- Antiphon -- Anti-realism -- Antithesis -- Antiochus of Ascalon[?] -- Karl-Otto Apel[?] -- Aperion -- Aphorism -- Apodeitic[?] -- Apodictic[?] -- Apollonian vs Dionysian[?] -- Apopogetics[?] -- Apophatic philosophy[?] -- Apophatic theology -- Apperception[?] -- Applied ethics -- Applied philosophy[?] -- A posteriori -- A priori -- A priori and a posteriori knowledge -- a priori justification[?] -- Apitude[?] -- Saint Thomas Aquinas[?] -- Arcesilaus -- Arche[?] -- Archetype -- Hannah Arendt -- Arianism -- Aristippus -- Aristotelian logic -- Aristotle -- Arius[?] -- Arastocracy[?] -- Argument -- Argument form -- Arguments for the existence of God -- Argumentum ad baculum -- Argumentum ad hominum -- Argumentum ad misericordiam[?] -- Argumentum ad populum[?] -- Argumentum ad verecundiam -- Aristotelianism in the Ancient World[?] -- Aristotelianism in Islamic Philosophy[?] -- Aristotelianism in the Medieval Europe[?] -- Aristotelianism in the Renaissance[?] -- Aristotelian biology[?] -- Aristotelian ethics[?] -- Aristotelian logic -- Aristotelian mathematics[?] -- Aristotelian metaphysics[?] -- Aristotelian physics[?] -- Aristotelian political philosophy[?] -- Aristotelian poetics[?] -- Aristotelian rhetoric[?] -- Aristotle -- Aristotle's theory of universals -- Arminianism -- Jacob Arminius[?] -- David Armstrong[?] -- artifact -- Artificial intelligence -- Artificial intelligence and multi-valued logic[?] -- Antone Arnauld[?] -- Raymond Aron[?] -- Arrow paradox[?] Arrow's theorem[?] -- Ascriptivism[?] -- Assertion sign[?] -- Associative law[?] -- Astell, Mary[?] -- Astrology -- Atheism -- Athenian democracy -- Athens -- Atlantis -- Atomic fact[?] -- Atomism[?] -- Attitude Utilitarinism[?] -- Attribute -- Augustine -- Augustine of Hippo -- Saint Augustine -- Saint Augustine and neo-platonism[?] -- Saint Augustine and free will[?] -- Peter Auriol[?] -- Authenticity[?] -- Authoritarinism -- Authority -- John Austin -- John Langshaw Austin[?] -- Autocracy -- automated reasoning[?] -- Autonomy in moral philosophy[?] -- Autonomy in political philosophy[?] -- Richard Avenarius[?] -- Averoes[?] -- Avicena[?] -- Avowal[?] -- Axiology -- Axiom -- Axiomatic system -- Axiomatization Axiom of choice -- Axiom of infinity -- Axioms of intuition[?] -- A. J. Ayer -- Alfred Jules Ayer --

B

Franz von Baader[?] -- Franz Xaver von Baader -- Graccus Baboeuf[?] -- Gaston Bachelard[?] -- Backward Causation[?] -- Francis Bacon -- Roger Bacon -- Bad faith[?] -- Alexander Bain -- Michael Bakunin -- Ball of wax example[?] -- Barber paradox -- Barcan formula -- Marcus Barcan[?] -- Karl Barth -- Roland Barthes -- Epistemic basing relation[?] -- Basic Action[?] -- Georges Bataille -- Bruno Bayer[?] -- Thomas Bayes -- Bayesian epistemology[?] Bayesian probability -- Bayesian rationality[?] -- Bayes's theorem[?]-- Bayle's trilema[?] -- James Beattie[?] -- Beauty -- Simone de Beauvoir -- Begging the question -- Behaviorism -- Being -- Being and becoming[?] -- Being in itself[?] -- Being for itself[?] -- Belief -- Bell's inequality -- Jeremy Bentham -- George Berkeley -- Sir Isaiah Berlin[?] -- Bernoulli's theorum[?] -- Best of all possible worlds[?] -- Biconditional -- Binary opposition[?] -- Hugh Binning -- Bioethics -- Teleological notions in biology[?] -- Principle of bivalence -- Hugh Blair -- Black box -- Black box theory[?] -- bodily continuity[?] -- Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius -- Boethius of Daca[?] -- Saint Bonaventure[?] -- George Boole -- Boolian Algebra[?] -- Bernard Bosanquet[?] -- Bound variable[?] -- Bourgeois -- Robert Boyle -- Francis Herbert Bradley[?] -- Bracketing[?] -- Thomas Bradwardine -- Richard Bevan Braithwaite[?] -- Brain -- Brain event -- Brain in a vat theory[?] -- Franz Brentano -- Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brauwer[?] -- British empiricists[?] -- British Idealism[?] -- Brute Fact[?] -- Thomas Brown -- Martin Buber -- Buddha -- Buddhism -- Buddhist philosophy -- Bultmann Rudolf[?] -- Bundle theory -- Joseph Butler -- Jean Buridan -- John Buridan -- Edmund Burke -- Walter Burleigh[?] -- Walter Burley[?] -- James Burnet[?] --

C

Jean Calvin[?] -- Callicles and Thrasymachus[?] -- Cambridge Platonists[?] -- Camridge School[?] -- George Campbell[?] -- Albert Camus -- Rudolf Carnap -- Carneades[?] -- Casuistry -- Categorical Imperative -- Categories -- Category of being -- Category theory -- Causation -- Causal Determinism[?] -- Causal decision theory[?] -- Causal processes[?] -- Causal theories of mental content[?] -- Counterfactual theories of causal processes[?] -- Causation and manipulability[?] -- Metaphysics and causal processes[?] -- Probabilistic causal processes[?] -- Chaos argument -- Character traits[?] -- Philosophy of childhood[?] -- Chinese philosophy -- Central concepts of Christianity[?] -- Chrysippus -- Alonzo Church -- Church-Turing thesis -- Cicero -- Citizenship -- Civil rights -- Classical logic -- Catharine Trotter Cockburn[?] -- Cogency -- Cogito ergo sum -- Cognitive science -- Cognitive science of mathematics -- Hermann Cohen[?] -- collective responsibility[?] -- College logic -- Anthony Collins -- Common knowledge[?] -- Common sense and the Diallelus -- Communitarianism -- Comparative philosophy Chinese and Western[?] -- Compatibilism -- Computability -- Computer ethics[?] -- Concepts of probability[?] -- Etienne Bonnot de Condillac -- Conditionals[?] -- Confirmation -- Confucianism -- Confucius -- Connectionism[?] -- Connectives[?] -- conscience -- Consciousness -- Higher-order theories of consciousness[?] -- Consciousness and intentionality[?] -- Representational theories of consciousness[?] -- Unity of consciousness[?] -- Consensus reality -- Consequentialism -- Rule Consequentialism[?] -- Constitutionalism[?]-- Contextualist theories of justification[?] -- Continental Philosophy[?] -- Continental Rationalism -- Contractarianism[?] -- Contract theory[?] -- Lady Anne Conway[?] -- Frederick C. Copleston -- Cosmology -- Cosmology and theology[?] -- Cosmopolitanism[?] -- Courage -- Creationism -- Criminal law theory[?] -- Critical philosophy -- Critical theory -- Ralph Cudworth -- Cultural evolution -- Haskell Curry -- Curry's paradox --

D

Masham Lady Damaris[?] -- Dante Alighieri -- Daoism -- Darwinism -- Dasein[?] -- Donald Davidson -- Death -- Death of God[?] -- Decision theory[?] -- Deconstructionism -- Deduction and induction -- defeasible reasoning[?] -- Deism -- Gilles Deleuze -- Democracy -- Democritus -- Demonstratives[?] -- Daniel Dennett -- Deontic logic[?] -- Deontological ethics[?] -- Jacques Derrida -- Rene Descartes -- Robert Desgabets[?] -- Determinates vs. Determinables[?] -- Determinism -- Developmental biology -- John Dewey -- Dharma -- Dialectic -- Dialectical materialism -- dialetheism[?] -- dialethism[?] -- Denis Diderot -- Diogenes Laertius -- Discordianism -- Disjunction -- Disjunctive syllogism -- Distributive justice -- Diversity -- Divine freedom[?] -- Divine illumination[?] -- Divine simplicity -- Doing harm vs. allowing harm[?] -- Doctrine of double effect -- Dualistic_interactionism -- James Dunbar[?] -- Duns Scotus -- John Duns Scotus[?] --

E

John Carew Eccles -- Ecology -- Economic analysis of law[?] -- Economic subjectivism -- Umberto Eco -- Educational essentialism -- Educational perennialism -- Educational progressivism -- Jonathan Edwards -- Egalitarianism -- Egoism -- Albert Einstein -- Einstein-Bohr debates[?] -- Einstein and the hole argument[?] -- Elias[?] -- Emergent properties[?] -- Ralph Waldo Emerson -- Emic -- emotivism -- Empedocles-- Empirical knowledge -- Empiricism -- The Enlightenment -- Entailment -- Environmental ethics -- Envy -- Epictetus -- Epicureanism -- Epicurus -- Epigenetics -- Epiphenomenalism -- episteme and techne[?] -- epistemic basing relation[?] -- epistemic closure principle [?] -- Epistemic justification -- Epistemological problems of memory[?] -- Epistemological problems of perception[?] -- epistemology -- epistemology of religion[?] -- Epoche[?] -- Epsilon calculus[?] -- Equality -- Equality of opportunity[?] -- Erasmus of Rotterdam Paul Erdös -- Eternity -- Ethical egoism -- Ethical naturalism -- Ethical non-naturalism -- Ethics -- Natural law tradition in ethics[?] -- Ethology -- Etic -- Eubulides of Miletus -- Eudaimonia -- Eusociality -- Euthanasia -- Problem of evil -- Evolution -- Evolutionary epistemology[?] -- Cultural Evolution[?] -- Evolutionary game theory[?]-- Existence -- Existence of physical objects[?] -- Existentialism -- Experimentation -- Explanation -- Externalist theories of mental content[?] -- Extrinsic properties[?] --

F

Fact -- Fact value dichotomy[?] -- Faith -- Faith and rationality -- Fallacy-- Falsifiability -- Herbert Feigl[?] Feminism -- feminist epistemology[?] -- Feminist ethics[?] -- Feminist philosophy of science[?] -- Feminist ethics[?] -- Feminist history of philosophy[?] -- Feminist perspectives on reproduction[?] -- Feminist perspectives on the self[?] -- Adam Ferguson -- James Ferrier[?] -- Paul Feyerabend -- Johann Gottlieb Fichte -- Marsilio Ficino -- Fictionalism[?] -- Modal Fictionalism[?] -- Philosophy of film[?] -- first-order modal theory[?] -- First-order predicate calculus -- Fitch's paradox of knowability[?] -- Folk psychology[?] -- Force -- Formal language -- Formal learning theory[?] -- Forms[?] -- Michel Foucault -- Foundationalism -- Foundationalist theories of a justification[?] -- Frame problem -- Francis of Marchia[?] -- Freedom -- Free logic[?] -- Free will -- Free will and determinism -- Gottlob Frege -- French materialism -- functionalism (philosophy of mind) -- Fuzzy logic --

G

Hans-Georg Gadamer -- Gaia Hypothesis -- Galen -- Galileo Galilei -- Game theory -- Game theory and ethics [?] -- Game theory and evolution[?] -- Pierre Gassendi -- David Gauthier -- Geist[?] -- Aulus Gellius -- Genealogy of ideas[?] -- Generalized quantifiers[?] -- General relativity -- General semantics -- Genetic fallacy -- Genetics -- Genotype-phenotype distinction -- Geometry -- Alexander Gerard[?]-- German Philosophy[?] -- Gersonides -- Gettier problem -- Ghost in the machine[?] -- Giles of Rome[?] -- Globalization -- Gnomic wisdom[?] -- Gnosticism -- God -- God of the philosophers[?] -- Kurt Gödel -- Godfrey of Fontaines[?] -- William Godwin -- Goldbach conjecture[?] -- Golden Rule -- Nelson Goodman[?] -- Goodmans paradox[?] -- Goodness -- Government -- Grammatology[?] -- Antoine Le Grand[?] -- Greatest happiness principle[?] -- Thomas Hill Green -- Gregory of Rimini[?] -- Grellings paradox[?] -- Felix Guattari --

H

Johann Georg Hamann[?] -- William Hamilton -- Baron von Hardenberg Friedrich Leopold[?] -- Charles Hartshorne[?] -- Hedonism -- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel -- Martin Heidegger -- Heraclitus -- Johann Gottfried von Herder -- Rudolf Hermann [?] -- Heuristic argument -- William Heytesbury[?] -- David Hilbert -- Historical materialism -- Historicism -- historicist theories of rationality[?] -- History of logic -- History of metaphysics[?] -- History of philosophy -- Thomas Hobbes -- Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin[?] -- Holes[?] -- Robert Holkot[?] -- Henry Home[?]-- Henry Home, Lord Kames -- Heraclitus -- Douglas Hofstadter -- Homology (trait)[?] -- Max Horkheimer -- Civic Humanism[?] -- David Hume -- Edmund Husserl -- Francis Hutcheson -- James Hutton -- Hypothesis --

I

I Ching -- Idealism -- Identity -- Identity and change -- Identity and individuality in quantum theory[?] -- Identity of indiscernibles[?] -- Identity politics[?] -- Identity theory[?] -- Identity theory of mind[?] -- Idiolect -- Iff -- If and only If -- Illusion -- Immutability[?] -- Impartiality[?] -- Indexicals[?] -- Incompatibilism[?] -- Incompatibilist theories of free will[?] -- Indexicals[?] -- Indispensability arguments in the philosophy of mathematics[?] -- Inequality -- Inertial systems[?] -- Infinitary logic[?] -- Informal logic -- Inherence relation -- Innatism[?] -- Integrity -- Intelligent design theory[?] -- Intentionality -- Intergenerational justice[?] -- Internalist vs. externalist conceptions of justification[?] -- Interpretation and coherence of the law[?] -- Intrinsic properties[?] -- intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties[?] -- Intuitionistic logic -- Intuitive truth[?] -- Irrationalism and Aestheticism -- Irrealism --

J

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi -- William James -- Julian Jaynes -- Jurisprudence -- Jus Ad Bellem[?] -- Jus In Bello[?] -- Justice -- Justice as a virtue[?] -- Justification of the state[?] --

K

Lord Kames -- Immanuel Kant -- Kant's theory of space and time[?] -- Karma -- John Maynard Keynes -- Søren Kierkegaard -- killing vs. letting die[?] -- Richard Kilvington[?] -- Kin selection -- Knowledge -- Saul Kripke -- Thomas Samuel Kuhn --

L

Imre Lakatos -- George Lakoff -- Friedrich Albert Lange[?] -- Language of thought hypothesis[?] -- Laozi -- Larrys Text -- Law -- Law and ideology[?] -- Law and language[?] -- Law of excluded middle Laws of nature -- Law of non-contradiction Law (principle) -- Legal obligation and authority[?] -- Legal philosophy[?] -- Legal positivism[?] -- Legal punishment[?] -- Legal realisms[?] -- Legal reasoning[?] -- Legal rights[?] -- Antoine Le Grand[?] -- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz -- Leibniz and modal metaphysics[?] -- Leibniz on the problem of evil[?] -- Leibniz and the philosophy of mind[?] -- Leibniz, and ethics[?] -- Baron von Hardenberg Friedrich Leopold[?] -- Leucippus -- Claude Levi-Strauss -- Liberal arts -- liberalism -- libertarianism -- life -- lifeworld[?] -- linguistic behaviourism[?] -- List of Isms -- List of philosophers -- John Locke -- Logic -- Logic and provability[?] -- Logical argument

Logical consequence[?] -- logical constructions[?] -- Logical fallacy -- logical form[?] -- logical behaviourism[?] -- Logical positivism -- logic and ontology[?] -- Lord Kames -- love -- luck -- Lucretius--

M

Magister abstractionum[?] -- Salomon Maimon[?] -- Maimonides -- Nicolas Malebranche -- Ernst Mally[?] -- Ernst Mally and deontic logic[?] -- Many-valued logic -- Many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics[?] -- Jacques Maritain[?] -- Andrei Andreevich Markov -- Marsilius of Inghen[?] -- Masham Lady Damaris[?] -- Marxism -- Materialism -- Mathematical constructivism Mathematical intuitionism Marshall McLuhan -- Meaning -- Meaning holism[?] -- meaning of meaning -- Measurement -- Measurement in quantum theory[?] -- Medieval philosophy -- Medieval semiotics[?] -- Medieval theories of conscience[?] -- Medieval theories of the categories[?] -- Medieval theories of properties[?] -- Memory -- Mencius -- Mental content[?] -- Mental event -- Mental functions -- Mental illness -- Mental imagery[?] -- Mental representation[?] -- Mereology[?] -- Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Metaethics -- Meta-philosophy -- Metaphysical subjectivism -- Metaphysics - Methodological naturalism -- James Mill -- John Stuart Mill -- Minarchism -- Mind -- mind-body problem -- Marvin Minsky -- Miracles[?] -- Modal interpretations of quantum mechanics[?] -- Modality -- Modal logic[?] -- model theory -- Modernism -- Modernity -- Modus ponens -- Modus tollens -- Mohism -- Mohist Canons[?] -- Molecular biology -- Lord Monboddo[?] -- Monism -- Baron de Montesquieu[?] -- Moral absolutism -- Moral character[?] -- Moral core -- Moral cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism[?] -- Moral dilemmas[?] -- Moral epistemology[?] -- Morality -- Morality and practical reason[?] -- Moral justification[?] -- Moral non-naturalism[?] -- Moral particularism[?] -- Moral psychology[?] -- Moral realism -- Moral reasoning[?] -- Moral relativism -- Moral responsibility[?] -- Moral skepticism -- Multiculturalism -- Multiple realizability[?] -

N

Nagarjuna -- Nationalism -- Naturalism in legal philosophy[?] -- Naturalism in epistemology[?] -- Naturalism in philosophy of science[?] -- Naturalistic fallacy -- Naturalized epistomology[?] -- Natural law -- Natural law tradition[?] -- Natural selection -- Natural theology -- Nature -- Nature of God -- Nature of law[?] -- Necessary and sufficient condition[?] -- Neoplatonism -- Neural Darwinism -- Otto Neurath -- Neutral monism -- Isaac Newton -- Newtons views on space, time, and motion[?] -- Nicholas of Autrecourt[?] -- Friedrich Nietzsche -- Nihilism -- Noema[?] -- Nominalism -- Non-cognitivism -- Non-conceptual mental content[?] -- Non-monotonic logic[?] -- Normative ethics -- Novalis -- Robert Nozick --

O

Object (philosophy) -- Objectivity -- obligations[?] -- Observation -- Occam's razor -- William of Ockham -- Oedipus the King -- Peter John Olivi(Robert Pasnau)[?] -- Olympiodorus (Christian Wildberg)[?] -- Omnipotence -- Omniscience -- Ontological argument -- Ontological dependence[?] -- Ontology -- Ontology and information science[?] -- Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind[?] -- Original position

P

Panpsychism[?] -- Panarchism -- Pantheism -- George Pappas -- Paraconsistent logic[?] -- Paradox -- Derek Parfit -- Parmenides -- Particular -- Part/whole paradox[?] -- Blaise Pascal -- Pascal's wager -- Paternalism[?] -- Francesco Patrizi[?] -- Paul of Venice[?] -- Benjamin Peirce[?] -- Charles Sanders Peirce -- William Penbygull[?] -- Perception -- Perfectionism -- Perfectionism in moral philosophy[?] -- Peter of Spain[?] -- St. Petersburg paradox[?] -- Petrus Hispanus[?] -- Phenomenology -- Philip II of Macedon -- Philip the Chancellor[?] -- Philo of Larissa[?] -- Philoponus[?] -- Philosopher Philosophical argument -- Philosophical counseling -- Philosophical Investigations -- Philosophical issues and problems -- Philosophical method -- Philosophical movement -- Philisophical naturalism[?] -- Philosophical pessimism -- Philosophical subdisciplines -- Philosophical theories -- Philosophical view -- Philosophy -- Philosophy of education -- Philosophy of language -- Philosophy of law -- Philosophy of mathematics -- Philosophy of mind -- Philosophy of neuroscience[?] -- Philosophy of perception -- Philosophy of religion -- Philosophy of science -- Physicalism -- Piety -- Alvin Plantinga -- Plato -- Platonic epistemology -- Platonic metaphysics[?] -- Platonic realism -- Platonic Utopia[?] -- Platonism -- Plato's allegory of the cave -- Plato's divided line[?] -- Plato's ethics and politics in The Republic[?] -- Plato's metaphor of the sun -- Plato's Republic -- pleasure principle[?] -- Pliny the Elder -- Plotinus -- plurality of forms[?] -- plural quantification[?] -- Plutarch -- Michael Polanyi -- Political justification[?] -- Political philosophy -- Karl Popper -- Populism -- Porphyry -- Postmodernism -- Post-structuralism -- Practical reason[?] -- Precedent and analogy in the law[?] -- Predicate calculus -- Presocratic philosophy[?] -- Principia Mathematica -- Arthur Prior[?] -- Prisoner's dilemma -- Privacy -- Private language[?] -- Probability calculus[?] -- Problem of evil -- Problem of other minds[?] -- Problem of the criterion -- problem of universals -- Process theology -- Proclus -- proof theory -- Proper names -- properties -- Property -- Propositional attitude report[?] -- Proposition -- Protagoras -- Psychedelic -- Psychoanalysis -- Psychological egoism -- Singular -- Structured[?] -- Providence[?] -- Pseudophilosophy -- Psychology of human judgment and epistemology[?] -- punishment -- Purpose -- Purpose of government[?] -- Hilary Putnam -- Pyrrho -- Pyrrhonism[?] -- Pythagoras --

Q

qualia -- quantum mechanics -- quantum mechanics and free will[?] - quantum theory -- quantum entanglement and information[?] -- quantum logic and probability theory[?] -- quasi-realism[?] -- W. V. Quine --

R

radical behaviourism[?] -- Allan Ramsay[?] -- Frank Ramsey -- Ayn Rand -- Rationality -- raw feels -- realism -- Reality -- reality enforcement -- Reason -- reasoning -- Reciprocal altruism -- Recursive function -- redistribution[?] -- Reductio ad absurdum -- Reduction -- reference -- regress argument in epistemology[?] -- August Wilhelm Rehberg[?] -- Thomas Reid -- Karl Leonhard Reinhold[?] -- Relational quantum mechanics[?] -- relations[?] -- Relative identity[?] -- relativism -- relevance of logic[?] -- reliabilism -- religion -- republicanism -- responsibility -- Revealed truth -- rhetoric -- Ricardus Sophista[?] -- Richard the Sophister[?] -- Heinrich Rickert[?] -- Right -- Rights -- role obligations[?] -- Role of decoherence in quantum mechanics[?] -- Richard Rorty -- Antonio Rosmini[?] -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Josiah Royce[?]-- rule consequentialism[?] -- Rule of law -- Ibn Rushd -- Bertrand Russell -- Russell's moral philosophy[?] -- Russell's paradox --

S

Ammonius Saccas -- George Santayana -- Jean-Paul Sartre -- Scepticism -- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling[?] -- Friedrich Schlegel[?] -- Friedrich Daniel Schleiermacher[?] -- Moritz Schlick -- Kaspar Schmidt -- Scholasticism -- Arthur Schopenhauer -- Scientific explanation[?] -- Scientific instruments[?] -- Scientific knowledge[?] -- Scientific method scientific progress[?] -- scientific realism[?] -- scientific unity[?] -- Scientists belief in God -- Scottish Philosophy[?] -- Johannes Scotus Erigena[?] John Duns Scotus[?] -- self -- Wilfrid Sellars[?] -- semantic challenges to realism[?] -- Semantic conceptions of information[?] -- Semantic holism[?] -- Semiotics -- Seneca -- Set theory -- Lord Shaftesbury[?] -- Johannes Sharpe[?] -- Shinto -- Henry Sidgwick -- Simon of Faversham[?] -- Simplicity -- Simplicius -- Simpson's paradox -- Ibn Sina -- Peter Singer -- Skeptic -- Skepticism -- Slippery slope argument[?] -- Adam Smith -- social contract theory[?] -- Social contract theories -- Social dimensions of knowledge[?] -- Social epistemology -- Social justice -- Society of Mind theory -- Socrates -- Socrates Scholasticus -- Socratic method -- Sokal Affair -- Solipsism -- sophisms[?] -- Sophist-- Sophocles -- Sorites paradox -- Soul -- Soundness -- Sovereignty -- Space and time[?] -- species -- Herbert Spencer -- Speusippus[?] -- Baruch Spinoza -- Spirit -- Square of opposition -- State of affairs[?] -- Statistical physics -- Statistics -- Dugald Stewart -- Max Stirner -- Stoicism -- Strabo -- Leo Strauss -- Structuralism -- Francisco Suárez[?] -- Substance -- Substance theory -- Substructural logic[?] -- Sui generis -- supererogation[?] -- Superman -- Supernatural -- supertasks[?] -- supervenience[?] -- Symbolic logic -- synthetic knowledge[?] -- synthetic proposition -- Syrianus[?] --

T

Taking children seriously -- Taoism -- Alfred Tarski -- Teleological argument -- Teleological theories of mental content[?] -- Teleology -- Temperance -- Temporal logic[?] -- Thales -- The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy -- Theism -- Theodicy -- Theology -- Theory -- Theory of conduct -- Theory of ideas and vision in God[?] -- Theory of justification -- Time -- Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- Trial of Socrates -- Tripitaka -- Truth -- Truth table -- Alan Turing -- Turing machine -- Turing test -- Twin Earth thought experiment

U

Uncertainty -- uncertainty principle -- Unconscious mind -- Universal -- Universe -- Utilitarianism -- Utility --

V

Validity -- Value -- Value theory -- Vedic -- Venn diagram -- Virtue -- Virtue epistemology[?] -- Virtue ethics -- Visual arts and design -- Voltaire --

W

Friedrich Waissman[?] Max Weber -- Wisdom -- Ludwig Wittgenstein -- Georg Henrik von Wright --

X

Y

Z

Peter Wessel Zapffe -- Zeno of Citium -- Zeno's paradoxes -- Zombie -- Zimboe