Every act, craft, decision (i.e., all (intentional) human activity) aims at some end that seems good to the agent in some sense.
There are two types of ends: those that are themselves activities (e.g., *playing the flute) and those that are products beyond the activity (e.g., housebuilding).
There is a highest end or good.
Knowledge of the highest end is useful.
The highest end is the subject of practical philosophy.
Practical philosophy has its own degree of exactness.
Practical philosophy is useful for those who are guided by reason.
What is good for an x depends on x's function. So, in order to determine what is good for x we must determine its function.
The function of human beings is to have and use reason.
There are two parts of the soul relative to reason: that which possesses reason in itself and that which merely participates in it.
We must distinguish the capacity for reasoning and the activity of reasoning. The essence of a capacity only comes out when it is used so it is the activity of reasoning that is the function of human beings.
It is possible to have reason without activating it and to both have and activate reason. The human function is the souls activity which expresses or requires reason. (Note the reference to the two parts of the soul here.)
That which displays its function well displays arete.
Note that we are talking about excellence here rather than moral virtue in the narrow sense.
Every function can be performed well or badly. It must be performed well if the thing is to be excellence.
The human function must be performed well if it is to display arete.
[Stability Requirement] The good life requires permanence and stability over time. The required activities must be displayed over time.
The human good is the activity of the soul which expresses or requires reason insofar as that activity is performed well and displayed over time.
So, eudaimonia is:
The activity of those parts of the soul;
It is an activity, not a product;
It is more than just a capacity (the good life cannot consist in the mere possession of the peculiar capacities, it must consist in their use or actualisation)
It is an activity that is itself an end and is not intended to produce a further result.
which are peculiar to the human soul;
What matters are the parts of the soul that are peculiar to human beings because Aristotle wants to pick out the typical function of human beings.
If this activity is in accordance with human excellence;
Since every capacity can be used well or badly the activity of the human soul must be a good one, if we want to describe the good life for human beings.
If this activity is constant (can be ascribed to the complete human life);
Stability requirement.
Or, if there are several aretes, in accordance with the best and most perfect of them.
There are two parts of the human soul which are able to display excellence, that which displays reason and that which listens to reason. Aristotle seems to want to say that one of the excellences is better, and that the good life must be in accordance with that excellence.
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... C. Pinckney[?]
14
Federalist
Rufus King (14)
Other elections: 1792, 1796, 1800, 1804, 1808, 1812, 1816
Source: U.S. Office of the Federal Register ...