Encyclopedia > List of battles 1400 BC-600 AD

298 BC Battle of Camerinum[?] - The Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio[?] in the first battle of the Third Samnite War[?].
295 BC Battle of Sentinum[?] - The Romans under Fabius Rullianus and Publius Decimus Mus defeat the Samnites and their Etruscan and Gallic allies, causing the Etruscans, Gauls, and Umbrians to make peace
293 BC Battle of Aquilonia[?] - The Samnites are finally defeated for the last time by the Romans.
285 BC Battle of Arretium[?] A Roman army under Lucius Caecilius is destroyed by the Gauls
283 BC Battle of Lake Vadimo (283 BC)[?] A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabello defeats the Etruscans and Gauls.
282 BC Battle of Populonia[?] Etruscan resistance to Roman domination of Italy is finally crushed.
281 BC Battle of Corupedion[?] - Last battle in the wars of the Diadochi[?]. Seleucus defeats and kills Lysimachus.
280 BC Battle of Heraclea[?] First engagement of Roman and Greek armies, the latter led by Pyrrhus of Epirus, who is victorious, but at great cost.
279 BC Battle of Asculum[?] - Pyrrhus again defeats the Romans.
275 BC Battle of Beneventum[?] - Pyrrhus is finally defeated by the Romans under Marcus Curius Dentatus.
262 BC Battle of Agrigentum[?] - Carthaginian forces under Hannibal Gisco and Hanno are defeated by the Romans, giving them control of most of Sicily.
260 BC -
- Battle of Changping[?] Army of Qin under Bai Qi routed army of Zhao and massacred 500,000 prisoners of war. Military superiority of Qin over all other states of China. Unification became a matter of time.
- Battle of the Lipara Islands[?] - A Roman naval force is defeated by the Carthaginians
- Battle of Mylae[?] - A Roman naval force under C. Duillius defeats the Carthaginian fleet, giving Rome control of the sea.
258 BC Battle of Cos[?] Naval victory of Antiochus II Theos over Ptolemy II
256 BC -
- Battle of Cape Ecnomus[?] A Carthaginian fleet under Hamilcar and Hanno is defeated in an attempt to stop a Roman invasion of Africa by Marcus Atilius Regulus.
- Battle of Adys[?] The Romans under Regulus defeat the Carthaginians in North Africa
255 BC Battle of Tunes[?] The Carthaginians under Xanthippus, a Greek mercenary, defeat the Romans under Regulus, who is captured.
251 BC Battle of Panormus[?] - Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal are defeated by the Romans under L. Caecilius Metellus.
249 BC Battle of Drepana[?] - Carthaginians under Adherbal defeat the fleet of Roman admiral Claudius Pulcher[?].
242 BC Battle of the Aegates Islands[?] Roman sea victory over the Carthaginians, ending the First Punic War
238 BC Battle of Utica[?] Rebellious Carthaginian mercenaries are defeated by the loyal troops of Hamilcar Barca
225 BC Battle of Faesulae[?] The Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
224 BC Battle of Telamon[?] The Romans under Aemilius Papus and Caius Atilius Regulus defeat the Gauls.
222 BC -
- Battle of Clastidium[?] The Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus defeat the Gauls.
- Battle of Sellasia[?] Defeat of Cleomenes III[?] of Sparta by Antigonus Doson[?] of Macedon and the Achaean League[?]
218 BC -
- November Battle of the Ticinus[?] Hannibal defeats the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio the elder in a small cavalry fight.
- Battle of the Trebia Hannibal defeats the Romans under Titius Sempronius[?], who had foolishly attacked.
217 BC -
- April Battle of Lake Trasimene[?] - In an ambush, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Gaius Flaminius, who is killed.
- Battle of Raphia[?] Antiochus III the Great is defeated by Ptolemy IV
216 BC -
- August 2 Battle of Cannae Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Publius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art.
- First Battle of Nola[?] The Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus holds off an attack by Hannibal.
215 BC Second Battle of Nola[?] Marcellus again repulses an attack by Hannibal.
214 BC Third Battle of Nola[?] Marcellus fights an inconclusive battle with Hannibal.
212 BC -
- First Battle of Capua[?] Hannibal defeats the consuls Q. Fulvius Flaccus and Appius Claudius, but the Roman army escapes
- Battle of the Silarus[?] Hannibal destroys the army of the Roman praetor M. Centenius Penula.
- Battle of Herdonia[?] Hannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
211 BC -
- Battle of the Upper Baetis[?] Publius and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio are killed in battle with the Carthaginians under Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal
- Second Battle of Capua[?] Hannibal is unable to break the Roman siege of the city.
210 BC -
- Second Battle of Herdoinia[?] Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Fulvius Centumalus, who is killed
- Battle of Numistro[?] Hannibal defeats Marcellus once more
209 BC -
- Battle of the Arius[?] Antiochus III[?] defeats the Parthians
- Battle of Asculum (209 BC)[?] Hannibal once again defeats Marcellus, in an indecisive battle
208 BC Battle of Baecula[?] The Romans in Spain under P. Cornelius Scipio the Younger defeat Hasdrubal Barca[?]
207 BC -
- Battle of Grumentum[?] The Roman general Caius Claudius Nero fights an indecisive battle with Hannibal, and escapes north to meet Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal, who has invaded Italy
- Battle of the Metaurus[?] - Hasdrubal is defeated and killed Nero's Roman army.
- Battle of Mantinea (207 BC)[?] Philopoemen[?] of the Achaean League[?] defeats the Spartans under Machanidas[?], who is killed
206 BC Battle of Ilipa[?] Scipio again decisively defeats the remaining Carthaginian forces in Spain.
204 BC Battle of Crotona[?] Hannibal fights a drawn battle against the Roman general Sempronius in Southern Italy.
203 BC Battle of Bagbrades[?] The Romans under Scipio defeat the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Gisco and Syphax[?]. Hannibal is sent to return to Africa.
202 BC Battle of Zama Oct 19 Scipio Africanus Major decisively defeats Hannibal in North Africa, ending the Second Punic War
201 BC Battle of Chios[?] Philip V of Macedon is defeated at sea by the Egyptians, Rhodians, and Pergamese
200 BC Battle of Cremona (200 BC)[?] Roman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul[?]

Second Century before the Common Era

198 BC -
- Battle of Panium[?] Antiochus III the Great secures the conquest of Syria and Palestine from Egypt with this victory
- Battle of the Aous[?] Roman forces under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeat the Macedonians under Philip V
197 BC Battle of Cynoscephalae Romans under Flamininus decisively defeats Philip in Thessaly
194 BC -
- Battle of Mutina (194 BC)[?] Roman victory over the Gauls
- Battle of Gythium[?] With some Roman assistance, Philopoemen[?] of the Achaean League[?] defeats the Spartans under Nabis[?]
191 BC Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)[?] Romans under Marcus Acilius Glabrio defeat Antiochus III the Great and force him to evacuate Greece
190 BC -
- Battle of the Eurymedon (190 BC)[?] Roman forces under Lucius Aemilius Regillus defeat a Seleucid fleet commanded by Hannibal, fighting his last battle.
- Battle of Myonessus[?] Another Seleucid fleet is defeated by the Romans
- December Battle of Magnesia[?] (near Smyrna) Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio and his brother Scipio Africanus defeat Antiochus III the Great in the decisive victory of the war.
171 BC Battle of Callicinus[?] Perseus of Macedon defeats a Roman army under Publius Licinius Crassus.
168 BC June 22 Battle of Pydna Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paulus[?] defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War
166 BC -
- Battle of Beth Horon[?] The Jewish rebel leader Judas Maccabeus[?] defeats the Seleucids.
- Battle of Emmaus[?] Judas Maccabeus again defeats the Seleucids
165 BC Battle of Beth Zur[?] Another victory of Judas Maccabeus over the Seleucids, leading to the recapture of Jerusalem by the rebels
164 BC Battle of Beth Zachariah[?] The Seleucid regent Lysias defeats the Jewish rebels
161 BC -
- Battle of Adasa[?] In his last victory, Judas Maccabeus defeats the Seleucid general Nicanor.
- Battle of Elasa[?] Jewish leader Judas Maccabeus[?] is defeated and killed by the Selucids army of Bacchides
148 BC Battle of Pydna (148 BC)[?] - The forces of the Macedonian pretender Andriscus are defeated by the Romans under Quintus Caecilius Metellus in the decisive engagement of the Fourth Macedonian War
146 BC -
- Battle of Carthage[?] - Scipio Africanus Minor[?] captures and destroys Carthage to end the Third Punic War
- Battle of Corinth[?] - The Romans under Lucius Mummius defeat the Achaean League forces of Critolaus, who is killed. Greece comes under direct Roman rule.
145 BC Battle of the Oenoparus[?] Ptolemy VI Philometor defeats the Seleucid usurper Alexander Balas, but is killed in the fighting
129 BC Battle of Ecbatana[?] The Seleucid[?] King Antiochus VII Sidetes is defeated and killed by the Parthians under Phraates II[?], ending any pretense of Seleucid control over Media or Mesopotamia.
108 BC Battle of the Muthul[?] Roman forces under Caecilius Metellus defeat the forces of Jugurtha of Numidia
105 BC October 6 Battle of Arausio[?] Cimbri inflict a major defeat on the Roman army of Mallius Maximus
102 BC Battle of Aquae Sextae[?] The Romans under Gaius Marius defeat Teutons
101 BC Battle of Vercellae[?] The Romans under Marius defeat the Cimbri, who are entirely annihilated.

First Century before the Common Era

89 BC -
- Battle of Fucine Lake[?] Roman forces under Lucius Porcius Cato are defeated by the Italian rebels in the Social War
- Battle of Asculum (89 BC)[?] The Roman army of C. Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Social War.
86 BC Battle of Chaeronea[?] The Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of Archelaus in the First Mithridatic War[?]
85 BC Battle of Orchomenus[?] Sulla again defeats Archelaus in the decisive battle of the First Mithridatic War.
83 BC Battle of Mount Tifata[?] Sulla defeats the popular forces of Caius Norbanus in the First Roman Civil War.
82 BC Battle of Colline Gate[?] Sulla defeats Samnites[?] allied to the popular party in Rome in the decisive battle of the Civil War.
80 BC Battle of the Baetis River[?] Rebel forces under Quintus Sertorius[?] defeat the legal Roman forces of Lucius Fulfidias in Spain.
74 BC Battle of Cyzicus[?] Roman forces under Lucius Lucullus[?] defeat the forces of Mithridates VI[?] of Pontus
72 BC Battle of Cabira[?] Lucullus again defeats Mithridates, overrunning Pontus
69 BC Battle of Tigranocerta[?] Lucullus defeats the army of Tigranes I of Armenia, who was harboring his father-in-law Mithridates VI of Pontus
68 BC Battle of Artaxata[?] Lucullus again defeats Tigranes.
66 BC Battle of the Lycus[?] Pompey the Great decisively defeats Mithridates VI, effectively ending the Third Mithridatic War[?]
62 BC January Battle of Pistoria[?] The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies under Gaius Antonius.
58 BC -
- June Battle of the Arar[?] (Saone) Caesar defeats the migrating Helvetians[?]
- July Battle of Bibracte[?] Caesar again defeats the Helvetians, this time decisively.
- September Caesar decisively defeats the forces of the Germanic chieftain Ariovistus[?] near modern Belfort[?]
57 BC -
- Battle of the Axona[?] (Aisne) Caesar defeats the forces of the Belgae[?] under King Galba of Suessiones.
- Battle of the Sabis[?] (Sambre) Caesar defeats the Nervii.
53 BC Battle of Carrhae[?] The Roman Triumvir[?] Crassus is defeated and killed by the Parthians
52 BC Battle of Alesia Caesar defeats the Gallic rebel Vercingetorix, completing the Roman conquest of Transalpine Gaul.
49 BC August 24 Battle of the Bagradas River[?] Caesar's general Gaius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba of Numidia. Curio commits suicide.
48 BC -
- July 10 Battle of Dyrrhachium[?] Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia
- August 9 Battle of Pharsalus Caesar decisively defeats Pompey, who flees to Egypt
47 BC -
- February Battle of the Nile (47 BC)[?] Caesar defeats the forces of the Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII
- May Battle of Zela[?] Caesar defeats Pharnaces II[?] of Pontus. This is the battle where he famously said Veni, vidi, vici. (I came, I saw, I conquered.)
46 BC February Battle of Thapsus[?] Caesar defeats the Pompeian army of Metellus Scipio in North Africa.
45 BC March 17 Battle of Munda[?] In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompey the Younger in Spain. Labienus is killed in the battle and the Younger Pompey captured and executed.
43 BC -
- April 14 Battle of Forum Gallorum[?] Antony, besieging Caesar's assasin Decimus Brutus in Mutina[?], defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, who is killed, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Hirtius
- April 21 Battle of Mutina[?] Antony is again defeated in battle by Hirtius, who is killed. Although Antony fails to capture Mutina, Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly thereafter.
42 BC -
- October 3 First Battle of Philippi[?] The Triumvirs[?] Marc Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Marcus Brutus[?] and Cassius. Although Brutus defeats Octavian, Antony defeats Cassius, who commits suicide.
- October 23 Second Battle of Philippi[?] Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Antony and Octavian. Brutus escapes, but commits suicide soon after.
41 BC Battle of Perugia[?] Marc Antony's brother Lucius Antonius and his wife Fulvia are defeated by Octavian.
36 BC Battle of Naulochus[?] Octavian's fleet, under the command of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa defeats the forces of the rebel Pompey.
31 BC September 2 Battle of Actium Octavian decisively defeats Antony and Cleopatra in a naval battle near Greece
11 BC Battle of the Lupia River[?] Roman forces under Augustus's stepson Drusus win a victory in Germany.

First Century

9 September Battle of the Teutoburg Forest The German leader Arminius defeats the Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus
24 Battle of Kunyang[?] June, After being sieged for 2 months, 9000 insurgents under Liu Xiu defeat 450,000 of Wang Mang[?]'s troops, ushering in the fall of Wang Mang and restoration of Han Dynasty.
50 Battle of Caer Caradock[?] The British chieftain Caractacus is defeated and captured by the Romans under Ostorius Scapula.
61 Battle of Towcester[?] The uprising of the British queen Boudicca against the Romans is defeated by Suetonius Paullinus
62 Battle of Rhandeia[?] Romans under Lucius Caesennius Paetus are defeated by a Parthian-Armenian army under King Tiridates of Parthia.
69 -
- April 14 Battle of Bedriacum[?] Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho and seizes the throne.
- October 24 Second Battle of Bedriacum[?] Forces under Antonius Primus, the commander of the Danube armies, loyal to Vespasian, defeat the forces of Emperor Vitellius.
84 Battle of Mons Graupius[?]. The Romans under Agricola defeat the Caledonians.

Second Century

193 -
- Battle of Cyzicus[?] Septimius Severus, the new Emperor, defeats his eastern rival Pescennius Niger
- Battle of Nicaea[?] Severus again defeats Niger
194 Battle of Issus (194)[?] Severus finally defeats Niger.
197 Battle of Lugdunum[?] February 17 Emperor Septimius Severus defeats and kills his rival Clodius Albinus, securing full control over the Empire.

Third Century

200 Battle of Guan Du
208 Battle of Red Cliff - War of Three Kingdoms[?]
218 Battle of Antioch[?] - Varius Avitus defeats Emperor Macrinus to claim the throne under the name Elagabalus.
238 Battle of Carthage (238)[?] - Troops loyal to the Roman Emperor Maximinus defeat and kill the usurper Gordian II.
243 Battle of Resaena[?] Roman forces under Gordian III defeat the Persians under Shapur I. Gordian is murdered before he can exploit his victory.
250 Battle of Philippopolis[?] - King Cuiva of the Goths defeats a Roman army.
251 Battle of Abrittus The Goths defeat and kill the Roman Emperor Trajan Decius
260 Battle of Edessa[?] King Shapur I of Persia defeats and captures the Roman Emperor Valerian
268 Battle of Lake Benacus The Romans under Claudius II defeat the Alamanni
269 Battle of Naissus Claudius II decisively defeats the Goths, earning the surname Gothicus.
271 -
- Battle of Placentia[?]. The Emperor Aurelian is defeated by the Alemanni forces invading Italy
- Battle of Fano[?] Aurelian defeats the Alemanni, who begin to retreat from Italy
- Battle of Pavia (271)[?] Aurelian destroys the retreating Alemanni army.
- Battle of Immae[?] Aurelian defeats the army of Zenobia of Palmyra
272 Battle of Emesa[?] Aurelian decisively defeats Zenobia.
273 Battle of Chalons (273)[?] Aurelian defeats the Gallic usurper Tetricus[?], reestablishing central control of the whole empire.
285 Battle of the Margus[?] The usurper Diocletian defeats the army of the Emperor Carinus, who is killed.
296 Battle of Callinicum The Romans under the Caesar Galerius are defeated by the Persians under Narses.
298 -
- Battle of Lingones[?] The Caesar Constantius Chlorus defeats the Alemanni
- Battle of Vindonissa[?] Constantius again defeats the Alemanni

Fourth Century

312 -
- Battle of Turin (312)[?] Constantine defeats forces loyal to Maxentius.
- October 28 Battle of Milvian Bridge Constantine defeats Maxentius and takes control of Italy.
313 Battle of Tzirallum[?] In the eastern part of the Empire, the forces of Licinius defeat Maximin Daia[?].
314 -
- Battle of Cibalae[?] Constantine defeats Licinius
- Battle of Mardia[?] Constantine again defeats Licinius, who cedes Illyricum to Constantine.
323 -
- July 3 Battle of Adrianople (323)[?] Constantine defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium
- July Battle of the Hellespont[?] Flavius Julius Crispus, son of Constantine defeats the naval forces of Licinius
- September 18 Battle of Chrysopolis[?] Constantine decisively defeats Licinius, establishing his sole control over the empire.
344 Battle of Singara[?] Emperor Constantius II fights an indecisive battle against the Persian King Shapur II (approximate date)
351 Battle of Mursa Major[?] The Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius
353 Battle of Mons Seleucus[?] Final defeat of Magnentius by Constantius II
356 Battle of Reims (356)[?] The Caesar Julian is defeated by the Alemanni
357 Battle of Strasbourg (357)[?] Julian expels the Alamanni from the Rhineland
359 Battle of Amida[?] Persians capture Amida[?] from Romans
363 Battle of Ctesiphon[?] The Emperor Julian the Apostate defeats Shapur II of Persia outside the walls of the Persian capital, but is unable to take the city, leading to an ultimate disaster on the retreat back to Roman territory.
367 Battle of Solicinium[?] Romans under Emperor Valentinian I defeat yet another Alemanni incursion.
373 Battle of the Tanais River[?] The Huns defeat the Alans near the Don, beginning the great period of the Germanic migrations.
377 Battle of the Willows[?] Roman troops fight an inconclusive battle against the Visigoths under Fritigern
378 -
- Battle of Argentaria[?] The Western Emperor Gratianus is victorious over the Alemanni, yet again.
- August 9 Battle of Adrianople (378) The Visigoths under Fritigern defeat and kill the Eastern Emperor Valens
383 Battle of Feishui
388 Battle of the Save[?] Emperor Theodosius I defeats the usurper Magnus Maximus.
394 Battle of Frigdus[?] September 6 The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish general Arbogast[?].

Fifth Century

402 -
- Battle of Asta[?] The Roman general Stilicho fights an indecisive engagement against Alaric's Visigoths.
- April 6 Battle of Pollentia[?] Stilicho stymies the Visigoths under Alaric
403 Battle of Verona[?] June. Stilicho again defeats Alaric, who withdraws from Italy.
410 Sack of Rome[?] August 24. The Visigoths under Alaric sack Rome.
425 The Roman general Aetius defeats the Visigoths under Theodoric I.
430 Battle of Halys[?]
432 Battle of Ravenna (432)[?] The Roman general Aetius defeats his rival Count Boniface[?], who is killed.
436 Battle of Narbonne[?] Aetius again defeats the Visigoths under Theodoric.
447 Battle of the Utus[?] Attila the Hun is defeated by the East Romans in an indecisive battle
451 Battle of Chalons June - Forces of the Visigoth king Theodoric and Romans under Aetius repulse the attack of Attila the Hun. Theodoric is killed in the battle.
454 Battle of Nedao[?] A Germanic alliance under the leadership of the Ostrogoths and the Gepids breaks Hunnic power in Europe
496 Battle of Tolbiac Franks under Clovis I defeat Alamanni
500 Battle of Mons Badonicus or Battle of Mynydd Baddon Later connected to King Arthur

Sixth Century

507 Battle of Vouillé[?] Franks under the lead of Clovis I defeat the Visigoths under Alaric II
528 Battle of Daras[?] Justinian's commander Belisarius defeats Persians in his first major battle of the campaign to regain Eastern empire
533 Battle of Ad Decimum (or "Battle of Carthage (533)") Belisarius defeats Vandals near Carthage
533 Battle of Ticameron
537 Battle of Camlann[?] King Arthur killed, perhaps mythical
552 -
- Battle of Taginae Eunuch general Narses replaces Belisarius and defeats Ostrogoths under Totila
- Battle of Asfeld[?] Longobards under king Audoin[?] defeat the Gepids
573 Battle of Arfderydd[?]
577 Battle of Deorham West Saxons vs Celts in Wiltshire, England

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