Table of historical exchange rates

An exchange rate represents the value of one currency in another. An exchange rate between two currencies fluctuates over time. This page records the value of various currencies in relation to the U.S. Dollar, the most widely traded currency in the world. The value of a currency relative to a third currency may be obtained by dividing one U.S. dollar rate by another. For example if there are ¥120 to the dollar and €1.2 to the dollar then the number of yen per euro is 120/1.2 = 100.

The magnitude of the numbers in the list do not indicate, by themselves, the strength or weakness of a particular currency. For example the U.S. Dollar could be rebased tomorrow so that 1 new dollar was worth 100 old dollars. Then all the numbers in the table would be multiplied by one hundred, but it doesn't not mean all the world's currencies just got weaker. However it is useful to look at the variation over time of a particular exchange rate. If the number consistly increases through time, then it is a strong indication that the economy of the country or countries using that currency are in a less robust state than that of the United States (see e.g. the Turkish Lira). The exchange rates of advanced economies such as that Japan or Hong Kong against the dollar tend to fluctuate up and down, representing much shorter-term relative economic strengths, rather than move consistently in a particular direction.

The data for the years 1997-2002 refers to the rate on, or close to, 1st January on that year. Data for 2003 refers to rates on 28th May (for countries beginning (A-E) and 2nd June (for countries listed F-Z). Exchange rates can vary considerably even within a year and so current rates may differ markedly from those shown here - caveat lector.

See also

• Fixed exchange rates to the euro
• ISO 4217 currency codes

Country	Currency	Code	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997
Afghanistan	Afghani	AFA	42.785	Unk	Unk	4,700	4,750	Unk	Unk
Albania	Albanian lek	ALL	115.918	Unk	140.16	143.71	137.69	150.63	148.93
Algeria	Algerian dinar	DZD	78.67	77.889	77.215	75.260	66.574	58.739	57.707
United States, American Samoa, British Virgin Islands, Guam, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands	U.S. Dollar	USD	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Andorra, Austria, Belgium, French Guiana, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Guadeloupe, Vatican City, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Martinique, Mayotte, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, Reunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, San Marino, Spain	Euro	EUR	0.8652	1.1324	1.1175	1.0854	0.9386	0.8981	0.8861
Angola(1)	kwanza	AOA	73.8297	32.8716	22.058	10.041	2.791	0.393	0.229
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2)	East Caribbean Dollar	XCD	2.67	2.7600	2.7600	2.7600	2.7600	2.7600	2.7600
Argentina (3)	Argentine Peso	2.8825	4.7429	1.3333	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Armenia	Armenian dram	ARD	554.882	564.08	555.08	539.53	535.06	504.92	490.85
Aruba (4)	Aruban florin/guilder	AWG	1.781	1.7900	1.7900	11.7900	1.7900	1.7900	1.7900
Australia, Kiribati, Nauru, Norfolk Island, Tuvalu, Christmas Island, Cocos Island	Australian dollar	AUD	1.5361	1.9354	1.9320	1.7173	1.5497	1.5888	1.3439
Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani manat	AZM	4875.5	4,804	4,657	4,474	4,120	3,869	3,985
The Bahamas (5)	Bahamian dollar	BSD	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Bahrain (5)	Bahraini dinar	BHD	0.3760	0.3760	0.3760	0.3760	0.3760	0.3760	0.3760
Bangladesh	taka	BDT	58.15	57.756	55.807	52.142	49.085	46.906	43.892
Barbados	Barbadian dollar	BBD	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000
Belarus (6)	Belarusian ruble	BYB/BYR	2032.79	Unk	1,531	876.75	248.80	46.127	26.020
Belize (5)	Belizean dollar	BBD	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000
Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo (7)	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs	XOF	560	742.79	733.04	711.98	615.70	589.95	583.67
Bermuda (5)	Bermudan dollar	BMD	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Bhutan (8)	ngultrum/Indian rupee	BTN/INR	46.98	48.336	47.186	44.942	43.055	41.259	36.313
Bolivia	boliviano	BOB	7.5719	6.8613	6.6069	6.1835	5.8124	5.5101	5.2543
Bosnia and Herzegovina	marka	BAM	Unk	Unk	2.161	2.124	1.837	1.760	1.734
Botswana	pula	BWP	5.15464	6.8353	5.8412	5.1018	4.6244	4.2259	3.6508
Brazil (9)	real	BRL	2.9675	2.378	2.358	1.830	1.815	1.161	1.078
Brunei (10)	Bruneian Dollar	BND	1.7346	1.8388	1.8917	1.7240	1.6950	1.6736	1.4848
Bulgaria (11)	lev	BGN	1.654	2.2147	2.1847	2.1233	1.8364	1,760.36	1,681.88
Burma (12)	kyat	MMF	Unk	6.8581	6.7489	6.5167	6.2858	6.3432	6.2418
Burundi	Burundi franc	BIF	1052.8	865.14	830.35	720.67	563.56	477.77	352.35
Cambodia	reil	KHR	3815.82	3,895.0	3,918.5	3,840.8	3,807.8	3,744.4	2,946.3
Canada	Canadian dollar	CAD	1.3667	1.6003	1.5488	1.4851	1.4857	1.4835	1.3846
Cape Verde	Cape Verdean escudo	CVE	108.95	123.556	Unk	115.877	102.700	98.158	93.177
Cayman Islands	Caymanian dollar	KYD	0.828157	Unk	0.82	Unk	Unk	Unk	Unk
Chile	Chilean peso	CLP	713.5	651.90	618.70	535.47	508.78	460.29	419.30
China	yuan	CNY	8.2768	8.2767	8.2771	8.2785	8.2783	8.2790	8.2898
Colombia	Colombian peso	COP	2856.8	2,275.89	2,299.63	2,087.90	1,756.23	1,426.04	1,140.96
Comoros (13)	Comoran franc	EMF	Unk	557.09	549.78	533.98	461.77	442.46	437.75
Democratic Republic of the Congo (14)	Congolese franc	CDF	Unk	420	305	21.82	4.02	1.61	1.31
Costa Rica	Costa Rican colon	CRC	395.29	343.08	328.87	308.19	285.68	257.23	232.60
Croatia	kuna	HRK	6.4196	8.452	8.340	8.277	7.112	6.362	6.101
Cuba (15)	Cuban peso	CUP	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Cyprus (16)	Cypriot pound	CYP	0.499963	0.6518	0.6427	0.6208	0.5423	0.5170	0.5135
Cyprus (16)	Turkish lira	TRL	1,4295,000	1,370,629	1,223,140	625,219	418,783	260,724	151,865
Czech Republic	Czech koruna	CZK	26.645	36.325	38.035	38.598	34.569	32.281	31.698
Denmark, Faroe Islands, Greenland	Danish krone	DKK	6.3017	8.418	8.323	8.083	6.976	6.701	6.604
Djibouti (17)	Djiboutian franc	DJF	177.721	177.721	177.721	177.721	177.721	177.721	177.721
Dominican Republic	Dominican peso	DOP	27.1	17.310	16.952	16.415	16.033	15.267	14.265
East Timor (18)	U.S. Dollar	USD	1.0000	1.0000	Irr	Irr	Irr	Irr	Irr
Ecuador (19)	U.S. Dollar/sucre	USD	25,000	25,000.0	25,000.0	24,988.4	11,786.8	5,446.6	3,988.3
Egypt	Egyptian pound	EGP	5.975	4.5000	4.4900	3.6900	3.4050	3.3880	3.3880
El Salvador (20)	Salvadoran colon, U.S. Dollar	SVC, USD	8.750	8.750	8.755	8.755	8.755	8.755	8.755
Eritrea	nakfa	ERN	9.65	Unk	Unk	9.5	7.6	7.2	Unk
Estonia (21)	kroon	EEK	13.2625	17.518	17.538	16.969	14.678	14.075	13.882
Ethiopia	birr	ETB	8.4	8.455	8.3140	8.3140	8.1340	7.5030	6.8640
Fiji	Fijian dollar	FJD	1.86532	2.2934	2.2766	2.1286	1.9696	1.9868	1.4437
French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc	XPF	116.486	135.04	133.26	129.44	107.25	106.11
The Gambia	dalasi	GMD	25.000	Unk	15.000	12.788	11.395	10.643	10.200
Georgia	lari	GEL	2.1352	2.1888	2.0730	1.9762	2.0245	1.3898	1.2975
Ghana	cedi	GHC	8675	7,195	7,170.76	5,455.06	2,669.30	2,050.17
Guatemala	quetzal	GTQ	7.925	8.0165	7.8586	7.7632	7.3856	6.3947	6.0653
Falkland Islands, Guernsey, Jersey, United Kingdom, Saint Helena, Gibraltar	British Pound, Guernsey pound, Jersey pound, Falkland Islands pound, Saint Helena pound, Gibraltar pound	GBP, FKP, JEP, GUP, SHP, GIP	0.6414	0.6981	0.6944	0.6596	0.6180	0.6037	0.6106
Guinea	Guinean franc	GNF	1963.14	1,974.4	1,950.6	1,746.9	1,387.4	1,236.8	1,095.3
Guyana	Guyanese dollar	GYD	179	189.5	187.3	182.4	178.0	150.5	142.4
Haiti	gourde	HTG	37.25	26.674	26.339	22.524	17.965	16.505	17.311
Honduras	lempira	HNL	17.26	16.0256	15.9197	15.1407	14.5039	13.8076	13.0942
Hong Kong	Hong Kong dollar	HKD	7.7987	7.798	7.7994	7.7918	7.7589	7.7462	7.7425
Hungary	Hungarian forint	HUF	209	275.920	286.490	282.179	237.146	214.402	186.789
Iceland	Icelandic krona	ISK	Unk	102.430	97.425	78.616	72.335	70.958	70.904
India	India rupee	INR	Unk	48.336	47.186	44.942	43.055	41.259	36.313
Indonesia	India rupiah	IDR	Unk	10,377.3	10,260.9	8,421.8	7,855.2	10,013.6	2,909.4
Iran (22)	Iranian rial	IRR	7,900	7,900	1,750	1,750	1,750	1,750	1,750
Iraq (23)	Iraqi dinar	IQD	Unk	Unk	2,000	1,910	1,815	1,530	910
Israel, West Bank	new Israeli shekel	72.19	Unk	4.2757	4.2057	4.1397	4.0773	3.8001	3.4494
Jamaica	Jamaican dollar	JMD	58.75	47.277	45.996	42.701	39.044	36.550	35.404
Japan	yen	JPY	118.595	132.66	121.53	107.77	113.91	130.91	120.99
Jordan (5)	Jordanian dinar	JOD	0.7090	0.7090	0.7090	0.7090	0.7090	0.7090	0.7090
Kazakhstan	tenge	KZT	149.757	151.14	146.74	142.13	119.52	78.30	75.44
Kenya	Kenyan shilling	KES	73.5	78.597	78.563	76.176	70.326	60.367	58.732
North Korea (24)	North Korean won	KPW	2.15	2.15	2.15	2.15	2.15	2.15	2.15
South Korea	South Korean won	KRW	1205.45	1,317.01	1,290.99	1,130.96	1,188.82	1,401.44	951.29
Kuwait	Kuwaiti dinar	KWD	0.299105	0.3075	0.3066	0.3067	0.3044	0.3047	0.3033
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstani som	KGS	44.0542	47.972	48.378	47.704	39.008	20.838	17.362
Laos	kip	LAK	7562	9,467.00	8,954.58	7,887.64	7,102.03	3,298.33	1,259.98
Latvia	Latvian lat	LVL	0.5605	0.6384	0.628	0.607	0.585	0.590	0.581
Lebanon	Lebanese pound	LBP	1507.5	1,507.5	1,507.5	1,507.5	1,507.8	1,516.1	1,539.5
Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland	South African rand (also, loti and lilangeni)	ZAR, SZL	8.0154	11.58786	8.60918	6.93983	6.10948	5.52828	4.60796
Liberia	Liberian dollar	LRD	1(o)	46.0400	48.5833	40.9525	41.9025	41.5075	40.0
Libya (25)	Libyan dinar	LYD	1.2059	21.30(m)	0.6501	0.5403	0.5403	0.3785	0.3891
Liechtenstein, Switzerland	Swiss franc	CHF	1.3003	1.6668	1.6876	1.6888	1.5022	1.4498	1.4513
Lithuania (26)	litas	LTL	2.93995	3.4946	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000
Macau (27)	pataca	MOP	8.0325	8.033	8.034	8.026	7.992	7.979	7.975
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	denars	MKD	51.2467	Unk	64.757	65.904	56.902	54.462	50.004
Madagascar	Malagasy franc	MGF	5820.75	6,531.4	6,588.5	6,767.5	6,283.8	5,441.4	5,090.9
Malawi	Malawian kwacha	MWK	91.8	67.3111	72.1973	59.5438	44.0881	31.0727	16.4442
Malaysia	ringgit	MYR	3.8	3.8000	3.8000	3.8000	3.8000	3.9244	2.8133
Maldives (28)	rufiyaa	MVR	11.770	11.770	11.770	11.770	11.770	11.770	11.770
Malta	Maltese lira	MTL	0.3632	0.4542	0.4499	0.4376	0.3994	0.3885	0.3857
Mauritania	ouguiya	MRO	261.2	Unk	254.350	238.923	209.514	188.476	151.853
Mexico	Mexican peso	MXN	10.247	9.1614	9.3423	9.4556	9.5604	9.1360	7.9185
Moldova	Moldovan leu	MDL	14.1565	Unk	12.8579	12.4342	10.5158	5.3707	4.6236
Mongolia	todrog/tugrik	MNT	1120.37	1,101.29	1,097.70	1,076.67	1,072.37	840.83	789.99
Morocco, Western Sahara	Moroccan dirham	MAD	9.3135	11.584	11.303	10.626	9.804	9.604	9.527
Mozambique	metical	MZM	23180	23,314.2	20,703.6	15,447.1	13,028.6	12,110.2	11,772.6
Namibia	Nambian dollar, South African rand	NAD, ZAR	8.0154	11.58786	8.60918	6.93983	6.10948	5.52828	4.60796
Nepal	Nepalese rupee	NPR	74.83	76.675	74.961	71.094	68.239	65.976	58.010
Netherlands Antilles	Netherlands Antillean guilder	ANG	1.790	1.790	1.790	1.790	1.790	1.790	1.790
New Zealand, Niue, Cook Islands, Pitcairn Islands, Tokelau	New Zealand dollar	NZD	1.72399	2.3535	2.3776	2.1863	1.8886	1.8632	1.5083
Nicaragua	gold cordoba	NIO	14.9	13.88	13.37	12.69	11.81	10.58	9.45
Nigeria	naira	NGN	136	115	Unk	101.697	92.338	21.886	21.886
Norway, Svalbard	Norwegian krone	NOK	6.7156	8.9684	8.9917	8.8018	7.7992	7.5451	7.0734
Oman (5)	Omani rial	OMR	0.384985	0.3845	0.3845	0.3845	0.3845	0.3845	0.3845
Pakistan	Pakistani rupee	PKR	57.8	60.719	61.927	53.648	49.118	44.943	40.918
Panama	U.S. Dollar, balboa	USD, PAB	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Papua New Guinea	kina	PGK	3.6036	3.706	3.374	2.765	2.539	2.058	1.434
Paraguay	guarani	PYG	6265	4,783.0	4,107.7	3,486.4	3,119.1	2,726.5	2,177.9
Peru	nuevo sol	PEN	3.49185	3.4400	3.509	3.4900	3.3833	2.9300	2.6642
Philippines	Philippine peso	PHP	53.255	51.201	50.993	44.192	39.089	40.893	29.471
Poland	zloty	PLN	3.8045	4.0144	4.0939	4.3461	3.9671	3.4754	3.2793
Qatar	Qatari rial	QAR	3.6400	3.6400	3.6400	3.6400	3.6400	3.6400	3.6400
Romania	leu	ROL	32508	35,052.0	29,060.8	21,708.7	15,332.8	8,875.6	7,167.9
Russia (37)	ruble	RUR/RUB	30.66	30.4669	29.1685	28.1292	24.6199	9.7051	5.785
Rwanda	Rwandan franc	RWF	520.385	456.81	442.99	389.70	333.94	312.31	301.53
Samoa	tala	WST	3.0021	3.5236	3.4722	3.2712	3.0120	2.9429	2.5562
Sao Tome and Principe	dobra	STD	9019.7	9,009.1	8,842.1	7,978.2	7,119.0	6,883.2	4,552.5
Saudi Arabia	riyal	SAR	3.7503	3.7450	3.7450	3.7450	3.7450	3.7450	3.7450
Serbia and Montenegro	new Yugoslav dinar	YUM	57.6065	65	Unk	Unk	Unk	10.0	5.85
Seychelles	Seychelles rupee	SCR	5.618	5.7458	5.8575	5.7138	5.3426	5.2622	5.0263
Sierra Leone	leone	SLL	2275	2,212.47	1,985.89	2,092.13	1,804.20	1,563.62	981.48
Singapore	Singapore dollar	SGD	1.7287	1.8388	1.7917	1.7240	1.6950	1.6736	1.4848
Slovakia	Slovak koruna	SKK	35.173	Unk	47.792	46.035	41.363	35.233	33.616
Slovenia	tolar	SIT	194.94	251.40	242.75	222.66	181.77	166.13	159.69
Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands dollar	SBD	7.3432	Unk	5.3728	5.0889	4.8381	4.8156	3.7169
Somalia	Somali shilling	SOS	2620	Unk	Unk	11,000	2,620	Unk	7,500
Sri Lanka	Sri Lankan rupee	LKR	97.245	93.383	89.383	77.005	70.635	64.450	58.995
Sudan	Sudanese dinar	SDD	257.41	261.44	258.70	257.12	252.55	200.80	157.57
Suriname (29)	Surinamese guilder	SRG	2502.4	Unk	2,178.50	2,178.50	987.50	401.00	401.00
Sweden	Swedish krona	SEK	7.7536	10.4381	10.3291	9.1622	8.2624	7.9499	7.6349
Syria	Syrian pound	SYP	41.79	Unk	51	46	Unk	46	41.9
Tajikistan (30)	somoni	TJS	3.081	2.55	2.2	1550	998	Unk	350
Tanzania	Tanzanian shilling	TZS	1038	924.70	876.41	800.41	744.76	664.67	612.12
Thailand	baht	THB	41.695	43.982	43.432	40.112	37.814	41.359	31.364
Tonga	pa'anga	TOP	2.151	2.1920	2.1236	1.7585	1.5991	1.4920	1.2635
Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad and Tobago dollar	TTD	6.135	6.2466	6.2332	6.2998	6.2989	6.2983	6.2517
Tunisia	Tunisian dinar	TND	1.26445	1.44	1.3753	1.3707	1.1862	1.1387	1.1059
Turkey	Turkish lira	TRL	1,430,000	1,223,140	1,223,140	625,219	418,783	260,724	151,865
Turkmenistan	Turkmen manat	TMM	5,200	5,200	5,200	5,200	5,350	Unk	4,070
Uganda	Ugandan shillings	UGX	2002.5	1,738.7	1,755.7	1,644.5	1,454.8	1,240.2	1,083.0
Ukraine	hryvnia	UAH	5.3093	5.3126	5.3722	5.4402	4.1304	2.4495	1.8617
United Arab Emirates	Emirati dirham	AED	3.6725	3.6725	3.6725	3.6725	3.6725	3.6725	3.6725
Uruguay	Uruguayan peso	UYU	2002.5	14.3325	13.3191	12.0996	11.3393	10.4719	9.4418
Uzbekistan	Uzbekistani sum	UZS	966.24	687.0	325.0	141.4	111.9	110.95	75.8
Vanuatu	vatu	VUV	121.41	146.02	145.31	137.64	129.08	127.52	115.87
Venezuela	bolivar	VEB	1598	761.225	723.666	679.960	605.717	547.556	488.635
Vietnam	dong	VND	15,473	15,085	14,725	14,168	13,943	13,268	11,683
Yemen	Yemeni rial	YER	178.01	171.860	168.678	161.718	155.718	135.882	129.281
Zambia	Zambian kwacha	ZMK	4,800	3,848.65	3,610.94	3,110.84	2,388.02	1,862.07	1,314.50
Zimbabwe	Zimbabwean dollar	ZWD	850	54.9451	54.9451	43.2900	38.3142	21.4133	11.8906
Taiwan	new Taiwan dollar	TWD	34.699	34.6	34.49	33.08	31.4	32.22	32.05

Notes

1. In December 1999 the Angolan kwanza was rebased. 1 new kwanza equals 1million old kwanza. In this table the new kwanza is used throughout.
2. The East Caribbean Dollar has been pegged at a fixed rate of 2.76 to the dollar since 1976.
3. The Argentine peso was pegged at equal parity to the US dollar until January 2002. Since then it has been allowed to float freely.
4. The Aruban guilder has been pegged to the US dollar since 1986.
5. On January 1, 2000 the Belarusian ruble was rebased. One new ruble is worth 2,000 old rubles. The new ruble is used throughout in this table.
6. The Belizean dollar is pegged to the US dollar.
7. The Communaute Financiere Africaine franc is pegged to the euro. Before 1999, it was pegged to the French Franc.
8. The Bhutan ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee which is also legal tender.
9. From October 1994 through 14 January 1999, the official Brazilian rate was determined by a managed float; since 15 January 1999, the official rate floats independently with respect to the US dollar.
10. The Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singaporean dollar.
11. The Bulgarian lev was rebased on 5th July 1999. 5000 old levs are worth 1 new lev. New levs are used throughout this table.
12. The figures quoted are the official rate. The Burmese kyat is much weaker on the black market. At the end of 2000, the black market rate was 435 kyat to the dollar.
13. Prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January 1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro.
14. On 30 June 1998 the Congolese franc was introduced, replacing the new zaire
15. The official, nonconvertible rate, for international transactions, is 1 Cuban peso per US dollar - 1.0000; the convertible peso sold for domestic use is fixed at a rate of 1.00 US dollar per 27 pesos by the Government of Cuba (January 2002).
16. The Cypriot pound is used in the Greek Cypriot area. The Turkish lira is used in the Turkish Cypriot area.
17. The Djiboutian franc has been pegged to the US dollar since 1973.
18. East Timor has been using the US dollar since independence from Indonesia in 2002.
19. On 13 March 2000, the Ecuadorian National Congress approved a new exchange system whereby the US dollar was adopted as the main legal tender in Ecuador for all purposes; on 20 March 2000, the Central Bank of Ecuador started to exchange sucres for US dollars at a fixed rate of 25,000 sucres per US dollar; since 30 April 2000, all transactions are denominated in US dollars, figures quoted in the table are in sucres for simplicity.
20. Since January 2001 the US dollar is also become legal tender in El Savalador; the exchange rate was then fixed at 8.75 colones per US dollar. From 1993 the rate had been fixed at 8.755.
21. Pegged to the euro at the quoted rate at 15.65
22. From 1997 to 2001, Iran had a multi-exchange-rate system; one of these rates, the official floating exchange rate, by which most essential goods were imported, averaged 1,750 rials per US dollar; in March 2002, the multi-exchange-rate system was converged into one rate at about 7,900 rials per US dollar
23. Black market rate
24. Official rate, Market rate 200 North Korean won per US dollar.
25. Official rate, Pre-2002 devaluation, market rate was around 1.5 dinar per US dollar.
26. Prior to 2002, Lithunian litas was pegged to the U.S. dollar, now pegged to the euro.
27. Pegged to the Hong Kong dollar at a rate of 1.03 patacas per HK dollar.
28. Russian ruble was rebased on January 1, 1998, 1 new ruble is worth 1000 old rubles. All quoted figures refer to new roubles
29. Managed rate
30. The new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles.

References and acknowledgements

Some of the data in this table was originally collated for the CIA World Factbook. 2003 data was taken from [1] (http://pacific.commerce.ubc.ca/xr/) which also hosts a more comprehensive database of historical rates under a fairly permissive licence.