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Winners of the
Nobel Prize in
Chemistry, listed by year of award in ascending order.
1901
Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff
- for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions
1902Hermann Emil Fischer[?]
- for his work on sugar and purine syntheses
1903Svante August Arrhenius
- for his electrolytic theory of dissociation
1904Sir William Ramsay
- for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air
1905Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer[?]
- for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds
1906Henri Moissan[?]
- for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace called after him
1907Eduard Buchner[?]
- for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation
1908Ernest Rutherford
- for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances
1909Wilhelm Ostwald
- his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction
1910Otto Wallach
- for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds
1911Marie Sklodowska-Curie
- for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium
1912Victor Grignard[?],
Paul Sabatier[?]
- for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent and for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds
1913Alfred Werner[?]
- for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules
1914Theodore William Richards[?]
- for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements
1915Richard Martin Willst�tter[?]
- for his researches on plant pigments
1918Fritz Haber
- for his synthesis of ammonia
1920Walther Hermann Nernst[?]
- for his work in thermochemistry
1921Frederick Soddy
- for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes
1922Francis William Aston[?]
- for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule
1923Fritz Pregl
- for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances
1925Richard Adolf Zsigmondy[?]
- for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used
1926 The (Theodor) Svedberg
- for his work on disperse systems
1927Heinrich Otto Wieland[?]
- for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances
1928Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus[?]
- for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins
1929Arthur Harden[?],
Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin[?]
- for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes
1930Hans Fischer[?]
- for his researches into haemin and chlorophyll
1931Carl Bosch,
Friedrich Bergius[?]
- for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods
1932Irving Langmuir
- for his work in surface chemistry
1934Harold Clayton Urey[?]
- for his discovery of heavy hydrogen
1935Fr�d�ric Joliot,
Irene Joliot-Curie
- for their synthesis of new radioactive elements
1936Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
- for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases
1937Walter Norman Haworth[?],
Paul Karrer[?]
- for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2
1938Richard Kuhn[?]
- for his work on carotenoids and vitamins
1939Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt[?],
Leopold Ruzicka[?]
- for his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes
1943George de Hevesy[?]
- for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes
1944Otto Hahn
- for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei
1945Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
- for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry
1946James Batcheller Sumner[?],
John Howard Northrop[?],
Wendell Meredith Stanley[?]
- for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized and for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form
1947Sir Robert Robinson[?]
- for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids
1948Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius[?]
- for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis
1949William Francis Giauque[?]
- for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics
1950Otto Paul Hermann Diels[?],
Kurt Alder[?]
- for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction.
1951Edwin Mattison McMillan,
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
- for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements
1952Archer John Porter Martin[?],
Richard Laurence Millington Synge[?]
- for their invention of partition chromatography
1953Hermann Staudinger[?]
- for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry
1954Linus Carl Pauling
- for his research into the nature of the chemical bond
1955Vincent du Vigneaud[?]
- for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone
1956Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood[?],
Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov[?]
- for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions
1957Lord Alexander R. Todd[?]
- for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes
1958Frederick Sanger
- for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin
1959Jaroslav Heyrovsky
- for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis
1960Willard Frank Libby
- for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination
1961Melvin Calvin[?]
- for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
1962Max Ferdinand Perutz,
John Cowdery Kendrew[?]
- for their studies of the structures of globular proteins
1963Karl Ziegler[?],
Giulio Natta[?]
- for their discoveries relating to high polymers
1964Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin[?]
- for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances
1965Robert Burns Woodward
- for his achievements in organic synthesis
1966Robert Sanderson Mulliken
- for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules
1967Manfred Eigen[?],
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish[?],
George Porter[?]
- for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions
1968Lars Onsager
- for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name
1969Derek H. R. Barton[?],
Odd Hassel[?]
- for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation
1970Luis F. Leloir[?]
- for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates
1971Gerhard Herzberg
- for his contributions to electronic stucture and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals
1972Christian B. Anfinsen[?],
Stanford Moore[?],
William H. Stein[?]
- for his work on ribonuclease and for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule
1973Ernst Otto Fischer[?],
Geoffrey Wilkinson[?]
- for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds
1974Paul J. Flory[?]
- for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules
1975John Warcup Cornforth[?],
Vladimir Prelog[?]
- for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions
1976William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.
- for his studies on the structure of boranes
1977Ilya Prigogine
- for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics
1978Peter D. Mitchell[?]
- for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory
1979Herbert C. Brown[?],
Georg Wittig[?]
- for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis
1980Paul Berg[?],
Walter Gilbert,
Frederick Sanger
- for his studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids and for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids
1981Kenichi Fukui[?],
Roald Hoffmann
- for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions
1982Aaron Klug[?]
- for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy
1983Henry Taube[?]
- for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions
1984Robert Bruce Merrifield[?]
- for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix
1985Herbert A. Hauptman[?],
Jerome Karle[?]
- for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures
1986Dudley R. Herschbach,
Yuan T. Lee,
John C. Polanyi[?]
- for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes
1987Donald J. Cram[?],
Jean-Marie Lehn[?],
Charles J. Pedersen[?]
- for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity
1988Johann Deisenhofer[?],
Robert Huber[?],
Hartmut Michel[?]
- for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre
1989Sidney Altman,
Thomas R. Cech[?]
- for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA
1990Elias James Corey
- for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis
1991Richard R. Ernst
- for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
1992Rudolph A. Marcus[?]
- for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems
1993Kary B. Mullis,
Michael Smith
- for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry
1994George A. Olah[?]
- for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
1995Paul J. Crutzen[?],
Mario J. Molina[?],
F. Sherwood Rowland[?]
- for their work in atmospheric chemistry
1996Robert Curl, Sir
Harold Kroto,
Richard Smalley
- for their discovery of fullerenes
1997Paul D. Boyer[?],
John E. Walker[?],
Jens C. Skou[?]
- for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase
1998Walter Kohn[?],
John A. Pople
- for his development of the density-functional theory and for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry
1999Ahmed H. Zewail
- for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy
2000Alan J Heeger[?],
Alan G MacDiarmid[?],
Hideki Shirakawa[?]
- for their discovery and development of conductive polymers
2001William S. Knowles[?],
Ryoji Noyori,
K. Barry Sharpless[?]
- for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions and for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions
2002Kurt W�thrich,
John B. Fenn[?],
Koichi Tanaka[?]
- for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules
Source
[1] (
http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/index)
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