In the European Community, approved food additives are written with a prefix of 'E'. Australia and New Zealand have their own set of approved additives, which are not written with a prefix letter. In the table below, food additives approved for Europe are listed with an E, and those approved for Australia and New Zealand with an A.
Number | Approv. | Names | Type | |
---|---|---|---|---|
100 | A | E | turmeric, curcumin[?] | colour |
101 | A | E | riboflavin, vitamin B2 | colour |
102 | A | E | tartrazine[?] | colour (yellow) |
103 | A | alkanet | colour (red) | |
104 | A | E | Quinoline yellow | colour |
107 | E | Yellow 2G[?] | colour | |
110 | A | E | Sunset yellow FCF[?] | colour |
120 | A | E | cochineal, carmines | colour (red) |
121 | Citrus red 2[?] | colour | ||
122 | A | E | azorubine[?], carmoisine[?] | colour |
123 | A | E | amaranth | colour (red) |
124 | A | E | Brilliant Scarlet 4R[?], Ponceau 4R[?] | colour |
125 | Ponceau SX[?] | colour | ||
127 | A | E | erythrosine[?] | colour |
128 | E | Red 2G[?] | colour | |
129 | A | E | Allura red AC[?] | colour |
131 | E | Patent blue V[?] | colour | |
132 | A | E | indigo carmine, indigotine | colour |
133 | A | E | Brilliant blue FCF[?] | colour |
140 | A | E | chlorophylls | colour |
141 | A | E | copper chlorophylls | colour |
142 | E | Green S[?] | colour | |
143 | E | Fast green FCF[?] | colour | |
150a | A | E | caramel I - plain | colour |
150b | A | E | caramel II - caustic[?] sulphite process | colour |
150c | A | E | caramel III - ammonia process | colour |
150d | A | E | caramel IV - ammonia sulphite[?] process | colour |
151 | A | E | Brilliant Black BN[?] | colour |
153 | A | E | vegetable carbon[?], carbon black[?] | colour |
154 | E | Brown FK[?] | colour | |
155 | A | E | Chocolate Brown HT[?] | colour |
160a | A | E | carotenes | colour |
160b | A | E | annatto[?], bixin[?], norbixin[?] | colour |
160c | E | paprika extract, capsanthin[?] | colour | |
160d | E | lycopene | colour | |
160e | A | E | beta-apo-8'-carotenal[?] | colour |
160f | A | E | beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ester[?] | colour |
161a | A | flavoxanthin[?] | colour | |
161b | A | E | lutein[?] | colour |
161c | A | kryptoxanthin[?] | colour | |
161d | A | rubixanthin[?] | colour | |
161e | A | violoxanthin[?] | colour | |
161f | A | rhodoxanthin[?] | colour | |
161g | A | E | canthaxanthin[?] | colour |
162 | A | E | beet red[?] | colour |
163 | E | anthocyanins[?] | colour | |
170 | E | calcium carbonates | colour, anticaking agent, stabiliser | |
171 | E | titanium dioxide | colour | |
172 | E | iron oxides[?] and hydroxides | colour | |
173 | E | aluminium | colour | |
174 | E | silver | colour | |
175 | E | gold | colour | |
180 | E | litholrubine[?], latolrubine[?] | colour | |
181 | E | tannins | colour, emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener | |
182 | orchil[?] | colour | ||
200 | E | sorbic acid[?] | preservative | |
201 | sodium sorbate[?] | preservative | ||
202 | E | potassium sorbate[?] | preservative | |
203 | E | calcium sorbate[?] | preservative | |
209 | heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | ||
210 | E | benzoic acid | preservative | |
211 | A | E | sodium benzoate[?] | preservative |
212 | A | E | potassium benzoate[?] | preservative |
213 | A | E | calcium benzoate[?] | preservative |
214 | E | ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
215 | E | sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
216 | A | E | propylparaben[?] | preservative |
217 | E | propyl sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
218 | A | E | methylparaben[?] | preservative |
219 | E | sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
220 | A | E | sulphur dioxide | preservative, antioxidant |
221 | A | E | sodium sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
222 | A | E | sodium hydrogen sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
223 | A | E | sodium metabisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant, bleaching agent |
224 | A | E | potassium metabisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
225 | A | potassium sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant | |
226 | E | calcium sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant | |
227 | E | calcium bisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant | |
228 | A | E | potassium bisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
230 | E | biphenyl[?], diphenyl[?] | preservative | |
231 | E | orthophenyl phenol[?], 2-hydroxybiphenyl[?] | preservative | |
232 | E | sodium orthophenyl phenol[?] | preservative | |
233 | thiabendazole[?] | preservative | ||
234 | A | E | nisin[?] | preservative |
235 | A | E | pimaricin[?], natamycin[?] | preservative |
236 | formic acid | preservative | ||
237 | sodium formate[?] | preservative | ||
238 | calcium formate[?] | preservative | ||
239 | E | hexamethylene tetramine[?], hexamine[?] | preservative | |
240 | formaldehyde | preservative | ||
241 | gum guaicum[?] | preservative | ||
242 | A | E | dimethyl dicarbonate[?] | preservative |
249 | A | E | potassium nitrite[?] | preservative, colour fixative |
250 | A | E | sodium nitrite[?] | preservative, colour fixative |
251 | A | E | sodium nitrate | preservative, colour fixative |
252 | A | potassium nitrate | preservative, colour fixative | |
260 | A | E | glacial acetic acid | preservative, acidity regulator |
261 | A | E | potassium acetates[?] | preservative, acidity regulator |
262 | A | E | sodium acetates[?] | preservative, acidity regulator |
263 | A | E | calcium acetate[?] | preservative, acidity regulator |
264 | A | ammmonium acetate[?] | preservative, acidity regulator | |
265 | dehydroacetic acid[?] | preservative | ||
266 | sodium dehydroacetate[?] | preservative | ||
270 | A | E | lactic acid | acidity regulator |
280 | A | E | propionic acid[?] | preservative |
281 | A | E | sodium propionate[?] | preservative |
282 | A | E | calcium propionate[?] | preservative |
283 | A | E | potassium propionate[?] | preservative |
284 | E | boric acid | preservative | |
285 | E | sodium tetraborate[?], borax | preservative | |
290 | A | E | carbon dioxide | propellant |
296 | A | E | malic acid | acidity regulator |
297 | A | E | fumaric acid[?] | acidity regulator |
300 | A | E | ascorbic acid | antioxidant (water soluble) |
301 | A | E | sodium ascorbate | antioxidant (water soluble) |
302 | A | E | calcium ascorbate | antioxidant (water soluble) |
303 | A | potassium ascorbate | antioxidant (water soluble) | |
304 | A | E | ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate | antioxidant (fat soluble) |
306 | A | E | tocopherol concentrate | antioxidant |
307 | A | E | dl-alpha-tocopherol[?] | antioxidant |
308 | A | E | gamma-tocopherol[?] | antioxidant |
309 | A | E | delta-tocopherol[?] | antioxidant |
310 | A | E | propyl gallate[?] | antioxidant |
311 | A | E | octyl gallate[?] | antioxidant |
312 | A | E | dodecyl gallate[?] | antioxidant |
315 | A | E | erythorbic acid[?] | antioxidant |
316 | A | E | sodium erythorbate[?] | antioxidant |
319 | A | tert-butylhydroquinone[?] | antioxidant | |
320 | A | E | butylated hydroxyanisole[?], BHA | antioxidant (fat soluble) |
321 | A | E | butylated hydroxytoluene[?], BHT | antioxidant (fat soluble) |
322 | A | E | lecithins[?] | antioxidant, emulsifier |
325 | A | E | sodium lactate[?] | food acid |
326 | A | E | potassium lactate[?] | food acid |
327 | A | E | calcium lactate[?] | food acid |
328 | A | ammonium lactate[?] | food acid | |
329 | A | magnesium lactate[?] | food acid | |
330 | A | E | citric acid | food acid |
331 | A | E | sodium citrates[?] | food acid |
332 | A | E | potassium citrates[?] | food acid |
333 | A | E | calcium citrate[?] | food acid |
334 | A | E | tartaric acid | food acid |
335 | A | E | sodium tartrates[?] | food acid |
336 | A | E | potassium tartrates[?] | food acid |
337 | A | E | potassium sodium tartrate[?] | food acid |
338 | A | E | phosphoric acid | food acid |
339 | A | E | sodium phosphates[?] | mineral salt |
340 | A | E | potassium phosphates[?] | mineral salt |
341 | A | E | calcium phosphates | mineral salt |
342 | A | ammonium phosphates[?] | mineral salt | |
343 | A | E | magnesium phosphates[?] | mineral salt |
349 | A | ammonium malate[?] | food acid | |
350 | A | E | sodium malates[?] | food acid |
351 | A | E | potassium malate[?] | food acid |
352 | A | E | calcium malates[?] | food acid |
353 | A | E | metatartaric acid[?] | food acid |
354 | A | E | calcium tartrate[?] | food acid |
355 | A | E | adipic acid[?] | food acid |
356 | E | sodium adipate[?] | food acid | |
357 | A | E | potassium adipate[?] | food acid |
363 | E | succinic acid | food acid | |
365 | A | sodium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
366 | A | potassium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
367 | A | calcium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
368 | A | ammonium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
370 | 1,4-heptonolactone[?] | food acid | ||
375 | A | niacin, (vitamin B3) | colour retention agent | |
380 | A | E | triammonium citrate[?] | food acid |
381 | A | ferric ammonium citrate[?] | food acid | |
385 | A | E | calcium disodium EDTA[?] | preservative |
400 | A | E | alginic acid[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
401 | A | E | sodium alginate | thickener, vegetable gum |
402 | A | E | potassium alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
403 | A | E | ammonium alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
404 | A | E | calcium alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
405 | A | E | propylene gloycol alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
406 | A | E | agar | thickener, vegetable gum |
407 | A | E | carrageenan | thickener, vegetable gum |
407a | A | E | processed eucheuma[?] seaweed | thickener, vegetable gum |
409 | A | arabinogalactan[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
410 | A | E | locust bean gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
412 | A | E | guar gum | thickener, vegetable gum |
413 | A | E | tragacanth[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
414 | A | E | acacia, gum arabic[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
415 | A | E | xanthan gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
416 | A | E | karaya gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
417 | E | tara gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
418 | A | E | gellan gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
420 | A | E | sorbitol | humectant |
421 | A | E | mannitol[?] | humectant |
422 | A | E | glycerin | humectant |
425 | E | konjac[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
431 | E | polyoxyethylene (40) stearate[?] | emulsifier | |
432 | E | polysorbate 20[?] | emulsifier | |
433 | A | E | polysorbate 80[?] | emulsifier |
434 | E | polysorbate 40[?] | emulsifier | |
435 | A | E | polysorbate 60[?] | emulsifier |
436 | A | E | polysorbate 65[?] | emulsifier |
440 | A | E | pectin | vegetable gum |
441 | A | E | gelatine (not classified as an additive) | gelling agent[?] |
442 | A | E | ammonium phosphatides[?] | emulsifier |
444 | A | E | sucrose acetate isobutyrate[?] | emulsifier, stabiliser |
445 | E | glycerol esters of wood rosin[?] | emulsifier | |
450 | A | E | diphosphates[?] | mineral salt |
451 | A | E | triphosphates[?] | mineral salt |
452 | A | E | polyphosphates | mineral salt |
459 | E | beta-cyclodextrine[?] | - | |
460 | A | E | powdered cellulose | anti-caking agent |
461 | A | E | methylcellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
463 | E | hydroxypropyl cellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
464 | A | E | hydroxypropyl methylcellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
465 | A | E | methyl ethyl cellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
466 | A | E | sodium carboxymethylcellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
470 | A | magnesium stearate[?] | emulsifier, stabiliser | |
470 | E | salts of fatty acids | emulsifier, stabiliser | |
471 | A | E | mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier |
472a | A | E | acetic acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
472b | A | E | lactic acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
472c | A | E | citric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
472d | A | E | tartaric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
472e | A | E | diacetyltartaric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
472f | E | mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier | |
473 | A | E | sucrose esters of fatty acids[?] | emulsifier |
474 | E | sucroglycerides[?] | emulsifier | |
475 | A | E | polyglycerol esters of fatty acids[?] | emulsifier |
476 | A | E | polyglycerol polyricinoleate[?] | emulsifier |
477 | A | E | propylene glycol esters of fatty acids[?] | emulsifier |
479b | E | thermally oxidised soya bean oil[?] | emulsifier | |
480 | A | dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate[?] | emulsifier | |
481 | A | E | sodium stearoyl lactylate[?] | emulsifier |
482 | A | E | calcium stearoyl lactylate[?] | emulsifier |
483 | E | stearyl tartarate[?] | emulsifier | |
491 | A | E | sorbitan monostearate[?] | emulsifier |
492 | A | E | sorbitan tristearate[?] | emulsifier |
493 | sorbitan monolaurate[?] | emulsifier | ||
494 | E | sorbitan monooleate[?] | emulsifier | |
495 | E | sorbitan monopalmitate[?] | emulsifier | |
500 | A | E | sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate | mineral salt |
501 | A | E | potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate | mineral salt |
503 | A | E | ammonium carbonate[?], ammonium bicarbonate[?] | mineral salt |
504 | A | E | magnesium carbonate[?] | anti-caking agent, mineral salt |
507 | A | E | hydrochloric acid | acidity regulator |
508 | A | E | potassium chloride | mineral salt |
509 | A | E | calcium chloride[?] | mineral salt |
510 | A | ammonium chloride[?] | mineral salt | |
511 | A | E | magnesium chloride[?] | mineral salt |
512 | A | E | stannous chloride[?] | colour retention agent |
513 | E | sulphuric acid | acidity regulator | |
514 | A | E | sodium sulphate[?] | mineral salt |
515 | A | E | potassium sulphate[?] | mineral salt |
516 | A | E | calcium sulphate | flour treatment agent, mineral salt |
517 | E | ammonium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
518 | A | magneisum sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
519 | A | cupric sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
520 | E | aluminium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
521 | E | aluminium sodium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
522 | E | aluminium potassium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
523 | E | aluminium ammonium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
524 | E | sodium hydroxide | mineral salt | |
525 | E | potassium hydroxide | mineral salt | |
526 | A | E | calcium hydroxide[?] | mineral salt |
527 | E | ammonium hydroxide[?] | mineral salt | |
528 | E | magnesium hydroxide | mineral salt | |
529 | A | E | calcium oxide | mineral salt |
530 | E | magnesium oxide | anti-caking agent | |
535 | A | E | sodium ferrocyanide[?] | anti-caking agent |
536 | A | E | potassium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent |
538 | E | calcium ferrocyanide[?] | anti-caking agent | |
540 | dicalcium diphosphate[?] | anti-caking agent | ||
541 | A | E | sodium aluminium phosphate[?] | acidity regulator, emulsifier |
542 | A | bone phosphate[?] | anti-caking agent | |
544 | calcium polyphosphates[?] | anti-caking agent | ||
545 | ammonium polyphosphates[?] | anti-caking agent | ||
551 | A | E | silicon dioxide | anti-caking agent |
552 | A | E | calcium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
553a | E | magnesium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent | |
553b | A | E | talc | anti-caking agent |
554 | A | E | sodium aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
555 | E | potassium aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent | |
556 | A | E | calcium aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
558 | A | E | bentonite | anti-caking agent |
559 | A | E | kaolin, aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
570 | A | E | stearic acid[?] | anti-caking agent |
575 | A | E | glucono-delta-lactone[?] | acidity regulator |
576 | sodium gluconate[?] | ? | ||
577 | A | E | potassium gluconate[?] | stabiliser |
578 | A | E | calcium gluconate[?] | acidity regulator |
579 | A | E | ferrous gluconate[?] | colour retention agent |
585 | E | ferrous lactate[?] | - | |
620 | A | E | glutamic acid | flavour enhancer |
621 | A | E | monosodium glutamate, MSG | flavour enhancer |
622 | A | E | monopotassium glutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
623 | A | E | calcium diglutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
624 | A | E | monoammonium glutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
625 | A | E | magnesium diglutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
626 | guanylic acid[?] | flavour enhancer | ||
627 | A | E | disodium guanylate[?] | flavour enhancer |
628 | E | dipotassium guanylate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
629 | E | calcium guanylate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
630 | E | inosinic acid[?] | flavour enhancer | |
631 | A | E | disodium inosinate | flavour enhancer |
632 | E | dipotassium inosinate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
633 | E | calcium inosinate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
634 | E | calcium 5'-ribonucleotides[?] | flavour enhancer | |
635 | A | E | disodium 5'-ribonucleotides[?] | flavour enhancer |
636 | A | maltol[?] | flavour enhancer | |
637 | A | ethyl maltol[?] | flavour enhancer | |
640 | A | E | glycine | flavour enhancer |
641 | A | leucine | flavour enhancer | |
650 | E | zinc acetate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
900 | A | E | dimethylpolysiloxane[?] | emulsifier, anti-caking agent |
901 | A | E | beeswax | glazing agent |
902 | E | candelilla wax[?] | glazing agent | |
903 | A | E | carnauba wax[?] | glazing agent |
904 | A | E | shellac | glazing agent |
905 | A | E | paraffins | glazing agent |
907 | refined microcrystalline wax[?] | glazing agent | ||
912 | E | montanic acid esters[?] | humectant | |
914 | A | E | oxidised polyethylene wax[?] | humectant |
920 | A | E | L-cysteine[?] | flour treatment agent |
924 | potassium bromate[?] | flour treatment agent | ||
925 | A | chlorine | flour treatment agent | |
926 | A | chlorine dioxide[?] | flour treatment agent | |
927b | E | carbamide[?] | flour treatment agent | |
928 | A | benzoyl peroxide[?] | flour treatment agent | |
938 | E | argon | propellant | |
939 | E | helium | propellant | |
941 | A | E | nitrogen | propellant |
942 | A | E | nitrous oxide | propellant |
943a | E | butane | propellant | |
943b | E | isobutane | propellant | |
950 | A | E | acesulphame potassium[?] | artificial sweetener |
951 | A | E | aspartame | artificial sweetener |
952 | A | E | cyclamic acid[?], cyclamates | artificial sweetener |
953 | A | E | isomalt[?] | humectant |
954 | A | E | saccharin[?] | artificial sweetener |
955 | A | sucralose | artificial sweetener | |
956 | A | alitame[?] | artificial sweetener | |
957 | A | E | thaumatin[?] | flavour enhancer, artificial sweetener |
959 | E | neohesperidine DC[?] | ? | |
965 | A | E | maltitol[?] | humectant, stabiliser |
966 | A | E | lactitol[?] | humectant |
967 | A | E | xylitol | humectant, stabiliser |
999 | E | quillaia[?] extract | humectant | |
1001 | A | choline salts and esters | emulsifier | |
1100 | A | amylases | flour treatment agent | |
1102 | A | glucose oxidase[?] | antioxidant | |
1103 | E | invertase[?] | ? | |
1104 | A | lipases[?] | flavour enhancer | |
1105 | A | E | lysozyme[?] | preservative |
1200 | A | E | polydextrose[?] | humectant |
1201 | A | E | polyvinylpyrrolidone[?] | mineral salt |
1202 | A | E | polyvinylpolypyrrolidone[?] | colour stabiliser |
1400 | A | dextrin roasted starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
1401 | A | acid treated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
1402 | A | alkaline treated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
1403 | A | bleached starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
1404 | A | E | oxidised starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1405 | A | enzyme treated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
1410 | A | E | monostarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1412 | A | E | distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1413 | A | E | phosphated distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1414 | A | E | acetylated distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1420 | A | E | acetylated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1422 | A | E | acetylated distarch adipate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1440 | A | E | hydroxypropyl starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1442 | A | E | hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1450 | A | E | starch sodium octenylsuccinate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1451 | E | acetylated oxidised starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
1505 | A | E | triethyl citrate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
1510 | ethanol (not classified as an additive) | alcohol | ||
1518 | A | E | triacetin[?] | humectant |
1520 | A | E | propylene glycol | humectant |
1521 | A | polyethylene glycol 8000[?] | antifoaming agent |
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