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List of food additives
The numbers below are internationally assigned by the Codex Alimentarius[?] Committee to different food additives for use on labels, to allow each additive to be uniquely identified.
In the European Community, approved food additives are written with a prefix of 'E'. Australia and New Zealand have their own set of approved additives, which are not written with a prefix letter. In the table below, food additives approved for Europe are listed with an E, and those approved for Australia and New Zealand with an A.
| Number | Approv. | Names | Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | A | E | turmeric, curcumin[?] | colour |
| 101 | A | E | riboflavin, vitamin B2 | colour |
| 102 | A | E | tartrazine[?] | colour (yellow) |
| 103 | A | alkanet | colour (red) | |
| 104 | A | E | Quinoline yellow | colour |
| 107 | E | Yellow 2G[?] | colour | |
| 110 | A | E | Sunset yellow FCF[?] | colour |
| 120 | A | E | cochineal, carmines | colour (red) |
| 121 | Citrus red 2[?] | colour | ||
| 122 | A | E | azorubine[?], carmoisine[?] | colour |
| 123 | A | E | amaranth | colour (red) |
| 124 | A | E | Brilliant Scarlet 4R[?], Ponceau 4R[?] | colour |
| 125 | Ponceau SX[?] | colour | ||
| 127 | A | E | erythrosine[?] | colour |
| 128 | E | Red 2G[?] | colour | |
| 129 | A | E | Allura red AC[?] | colour |
| 131 | E | Patent blue V[?] | colour | |
| 132 | A | E | indigo carmine, indigotine | colour |
| 133 | A | E | Brilliant blue FCF[?] | colour |
| 140 | A | E | chlorophylls | colour |
| 141 | A | E | copper chlorophylls | colour |
| 142 | E | Green S[?] | colour | |
| 143 | E | Fast green FCF[?] | colour | |
| 150a | A | E | caramel I - plain | colour |
| 150b | A | E | caramel II - caustic[?] sulphite process | colour |
| 150c | A | E | caramel III - ammonia process | colour |
| 150d | A | E | caramel IV - ammonia sulphite[?] process | colour |
| 151 | A | E | Brilliant Black BN[?] | colour |
| 153 | A | E | vegetable carbon[?], carbon black[?] | colour |
| 154 | E | Brown FK[?] | colour | |
| 155 | A | E | Chocolate Brown HT[?] | colour |
| 160a | A | E | carotenes | colour |
| 160b | A | E | annatto[?], bixin[?], norbixin[?] | colour |
| 160c | E | paprika extract, capsanthin[?] | colour | |
| 160d | E | lycopene | colour | |
| 160e | A | E | beta-apo-8'-carotenal[?] | colour |
| 160f | A | E | beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ester[?] | colour |
| 161a | A | flavoxanthin[?] | colour | |
| 161b | A | E | lutein[?] | colour |
| 161c | A | kryptoxanthin[?] | colour | |
| 161d | A | rubixanthin[?] | colour | |
| 161e | A | violoxanthin[?] | colour | |
| 161f | A | rhodoxanthin[?] | colour | |
| 161g | A | E | canthaxanthin[?] | colour |
| 162 | A | E | beet red[?] | colour |
| 163 | E | anthocyanins[?] | colour | |
| 170 | E | calcium carbonates | colour, anticaking agent, stabiliser | |
| 171 | E | titanium dioxide | colour | |
| 172 | E | iron oxides[?] and hydroxides | colour | |
| 173 | E | aluminium | colour | |
| 174 | E | silver | colour | |
| 175 | E | gold | colour | |
| 180 | E | litholrubine[?], latolrubine[?] | colour | |
| 181 | E | tannins | colour, emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener | |
| 182 | orchil[?] | colour | ||
| 200 | E | sorbic acid[?] | preservative | |
| 201 | sodium sorbate[?] | preservative | ||
| 202 | E | potassium sorbate[?] | preservative | |
| 203 | E | calcium sorbate[?] | preservative | |
| 209 | heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | ||
| 210 | E | benzoic acid | preservative | |
| 211 | A | E | sodium benzoate[?] | preservative |
| 212 | A | E | potassium benzoate[?] | preservative |
| 213 | A | E | calcium benzoate[?] | preservative |
| 214 | E | ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
| 215 | E | sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
| 216 | A | E | propylparaben[?] | preservative |
| 217 | E | propyl sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
| 218 | A | E | methylparaben[?] | preservative |
| 219 | E | sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate[?] | preservative | |
| 220 | A | E | sulphur dioxide | preservative, antioxidant |
| 221 | A | E | sodium sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
| 222 | A | E | sodium hydrogen sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
| 223 | A | E | sodium metabisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant, bleaching agent |
| 224 | A | E | potassium metabisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
| 225 | A | potassium sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant | |
| 226 | E | calcium sulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant | |
| 227 | E | calcium bisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant | |
| 228 | A | E | potassium bisulphite[?] | preservative, antioxidant |
| 230 | E | biphenyl[?], diphenyl[?] | preservative | |
| 231 | E | orthophenyl phenol[?], 2-hydroxybiphenyl[?] | preservative | |
| 232 | E | sodium orthophenyl phenol[?] | preservative | |
| 233 | thiabendazole[?] | preservative | ||
| 234 | A | E | nisin[?] | preservative |
| 235 | A | E | pimaricin[?], natamycin[?] | preservative |
| 236 | formic acid | preservative | ||
| 237 | sodium formate[?] | preservative | ||
| 238 | calcium formate[?] | preservative | ||
| 239 | E | hexamethylene tetramine[?], hexamine[?] | preservative | |
| 240 | formaldehyde | preservative | ||
| 241 | gum guaicum[?] | preservative | ||
| 242 | A | E | dimethyl dicarbonate[?] | preservative |
| 249 | A | E | potassium nitrite[?] | preservative, colour fixative |
| 250 | A | E | sodium nitrite[?] | preservative, colour fixative |
| 251 | A | E | sodium nitrate | preservative, colour fixative |
| 252 | A | potassium nitrate | preservative, colour fixative | |
| 260 | A | E | glacial acetic acid | preservative, acidity regulator |
| 261 | A | E | potassium acetates[?] | preservative, acidity regulator |
| 262 | A | E | sodium acetates[?] | preservative, acidity regulator |
| 263 | A | E | calcium acetate[?] | preservative, acidity regulator |
| 264 | A | ammmonium acetate[?] | preservative, acidity regulator | |
| 265 | dehydroacetic acid[?] | preservative | ||
| 266 | sodium dehydroacetate[?] | preservative | ||
| 270 | A | E | lactic acid | acidity regulator |
| 280 | A | E | propionic acid[?] | preservative |
| 281 | A | E | sodium propionate[?] | preservative |
| 282 | A | E | calcium propionate[?] | preservative |
| 283 | A | E | potassium propionate[?] | preservative |
| 284 | E | boric acid | preservative | |
| 285 | E | sodium tetraborate[?], borax | preservative | |
| 290 | A | E | carbon dioxide | propellant |
| 296 | A | E | malic acid | acidity regulator |
| 297 | A | E | fumaric acid[?] | acidity regulator |
| 300 | A | E | ascorbic acid | antioxidant (water soluble) |
| 301 | A | E | sodium ascorbate | antioxidant (water soluble) |
| 302 | A | E | calcium ascorbate | antioxidant (water soluble) |
| 303 | A | potassium ascorbate | antioxidant (water soluble) | |
| 304 | A | E | ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate | antioxidant (fat soluble) |
| 306 | A | E | tocopherol concentrate | antioxidant |
| 307 | A | E | dl-alpha-tocopherol[?] | antioxidant |
| 308 | A | E | gamma-tocopherol[?] | antioxidant |
| 309 | A | E | delta-tocopherol[?] | antioxidant |
| 310 | A | E | propyl gallate[?] | antioxidant |
| 311 | A | E | octyl gallate[?] | antioxidant |
| 312 | A | E | dodecyl gallate[?] | antioxidant |
| 315 | A | E | erythorbic acid[?] | antioxidant |
| 316 | A | E | sodium erythorbate[?] | antioxidant |
| 319 | A | tert-butylhydroquinone[?] | antioxidant | |
| 320 | A | E | butylated hydroxyanisole[?], BHA | antioxidant (fat soluble) |
| 321 | A | E | butylated hydroxytoluene[?], BHT | antioxidant (fat soluble) |
| 322 | A | E | lecithins[?] | antioxidant, emulsifier |
| 325 | A | E | sodium lactate[?] | food acid |
| 326 | A | E | potassium lactate[?] | food acid |
| 327 | A | E | calcium lactate[?] | food acid |
| 328 | A | ammonium lactate[?] | food acid | |
| 329 | A | magnesium lactate[?] | food acid | |
| 330 | A | E | citric acid | food acid |
| 331 | A | E | sodium citrates[?] | food acid |
| 332 | A | E | potassium citrates[?] | food acid |
| 333 | A | E | calcium citrate[?] | food acid |
| 334 | A | E | tartaric acid | food acid |
| 335 | A | E | sodium tartrates[?] | food acid |
| 336 | A | E | potassium tartrates[?] | food acid |
| 337 | A | E | potassium sodium tartrate[?] | food acid |
| 338 | A | E | phosphoric acid | food acid |
| 339 | A | E | sodium phosphates[?] | mineral salt |
| 340 | A | E | potassium phosphates[?] | mineral salt |
| 341 | A | E | calcium phosphates | mineral salt |
| 342 | A | ammonium phosphates[?] | mineral salt | |
| 343 | A | E | magnesium phosphates[?] | mineral salt |
| 349 | A | ammonium malate[?] | food acid | |
| 350 | A | E | sodium malates[?] | food acid |
| 351 | A | E | potassium malate[?] | food acid |
| 352 | A | E | calcium malates[?] | food acid |
| 353 | A | E | metatartaric acid[?] | food acid |
| 354 | A | E | calcium tartrate[?] | food acid |
| 355 | A | E | adipic acid[?] | food acid |
| 356 | E | sodium adipate[?] | food acid | |
| 357 | A | E | potassium adipate[?] | food acid |
| 363 | E | succinic acid | food acid | |
| 365 | A | sodium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
| 366 | A | potassium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
| 367 | A | calcium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
| 368 | A | ammonium fumarate[?] | food acid | |
| 370 | 1,4-heptonolactone[?] | food acid | ||
| 375 | A | niacin, (vitamin B3) | colour retention agent | |
| 380 | A | E | triammonium citrate[?] | food acid |
| 381 | A | ferric ammonium citrate[?] | food acid | |
| 385 | A | E | calcium disodium EDTA[?] | preservative |
| 400 | A | E | alginic acid[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 401 | A | E | sodium alginate | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 402 | A | E | potassium alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 403 | A | E | ammonium alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 404 | A | E | calcium alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 405 | A | E | propylene gloycol alginate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 406 | A | E | agar | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 407 | A | E | carrageenan | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 407a | A | E | processed eucheuma[?] seaweed | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 409 | A | arabinogalactan[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 410 | A | E | locust bean gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 412 | A | E | guar gum | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 413 | A | E | tragacanth[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 414 | A | E | acacia, gum arabic[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 415 | A | E | xanthan gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 416 | A | E | karaya gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 417 | E | tara gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 418 | A | E | gellan gum[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 420 | A | E | sorbitol | humectant |
| 421 | A | E | mannitol[?] | humectant |
| 422 | A | E | glycerin | humectant |
| 425 | E | konjac[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 431 | E | polyoxyethylene (40) stearate[?] | emulsifier | |
| 432 | E | polysorbate 20[?] | emulsifier | |
| 433 | A | E | polysorbate 80[?] | emulsifier |
| 434 | E | polysorbate 40[?] | emulsifier | |
| 435 | A | E | polysorbate 60[?] | emulsifier |
| 436 | A | E | polysorbate 65[?] | emulsifier |
| 440 | A | E | pectin | vegetable gum |
| 441 | A | E | gelatine (not classified as an additive) | gelling agent[?] |
| 442 | A | E | ammonium phosphatides[?] | emulsifier |
| 444 | A | E | sucrose acetate isobutyrate[?] | emulsifier, stabiliser |
| 445 | E | glycerol esters of wood rosin[?] | emulsifier | |
| 450 | A | E | diphosphates[?] | mineral salt |
| 451 | A | E | triphosphates[?] | mineral salt |
| 452 | A | E | polyphosphates | mineral salt |
| 459 | E | beta-cyclodextrine[?] | - | |
| 460 | A | E | powdered cellulose | anti-caking agent |
| 461 | A | E | methylcellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 463 | E | hydroxypropyl cellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 464 | A | E | hydroxypropyl methylcellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 465 | A | E | methyl ethyl cellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 466 | A | E | sodium carboxymethylcellulose[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 470 | A | magnesium stearate[?] | emulsifier, stabiliser | |
| 470 | E | salts of fatty acids | emulsifier, stabiliser | |
| 471 | A | E | mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids | emulsifier |
| 472a | A | E | acetic acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
| 472b | A | E | lactic acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
| 472c | A | E | citric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
| 472d | A | E | tartaric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
| 472e | A | E | diacetyltartaric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier |
| 472f | E | mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of 471 | emulsifier | |
| 473 | A | E | sucrose esters of fatty acids[?] | emulsifier |
| 474 | E | sucroglycerides[?] | emulsifier | |
| 475 | A | E | polyglycerol esters of fatty acids[?] | emulsifier |
| 476 | A | E | polyglycerol polyricinoleate[?] | emulsifier |
| 477 | A | E | propylene glycol esters of fatty acids[?] | emulsifier |
| 479b | E | thermally oxidised soya bean oil[?] | emulsifier | |
| 480 | A | dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate[?] | emulsifier | |
| 481 | A | E | sodium stearoyl lactylate[?] | emulsifier |
| 482 | A | E | calcium stearoyl lactylate[?] | emulsifier |
| 483 | E | stearyl tartarate[?] | emulsifier | |
| 491 | A | E | sorbitan monostearate[?] | emulsifier |
| 492 | A | E | sorbitan tristearate[?] | emulsifier |
| 493 | sorbitan monolaurate[?] | emulsifier | ||
| 494 | E | sorbitan monooleate[?] | emulsifier | |
| 495 | E | sorbitan monopalmitate[?] | emulsifier | |
| 500 | A | E | sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate | mineral salt |
| 501 | A | E | potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate | mineral salt |
| 503 | A | E | ammonium carbonate[?], ammonium bicarbonate[?] | mineral salt |
| 504 | A | E | magnesium carbonate[?] | anti-caking agent, mineral salt |
| 507 | A | E | hydrochloric acid | acidity regulator |
| 508 | A | E | potassium chloride | mineral salt |
| 509 | A | E | calcium chloride[?] | mineral salt |
| 510 | A | ammonium chloride[?] | mineral salt | |
| 511 | A | E | magnesium chloride[?] | mineral salt |
| 512 | A | E | stannous chloride[?] | colour retention agent |
| 513 | E | sulphuric acid | acidity regulator | |
| 514 | A | E | sodium sulphate[?] | mineral salt |
| 515 | A | E | potassium sulphate[?] | mineral salt |
| 516 | A | E | calcium sulphate | flour treatment agent, mineral salt |
| 517 | E | ammonium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
| 518 | A | magneisum sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
| 519 | A | cupric sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
| 520 | E | aluminium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
| 521 | E | aluminium sodium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
| 522 | E | aluminium potassium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
| 523 | E | aluminium ammonium sulphate[?] | mineral salt | |
| 524 | E | sodium hydroxide | mineral salt | |
| 525 | E | potassium hydroxide | mineral salt | |
| 526 | A | E | calcium hydroxide[?] | mineral salt |
| 527 | E | ammonium hydroxide[?] | mineral salt | |
| 528 | E | magnesium hydroxide | mineral salt | |
| 529 | A | E | calcium oxide | mineral salt |
| 530 | E | magnesium oxide | anti-caking agent | |
| 535 | A | E | sodium ferrocyanide[?] | anti-caking agent |
| 536 | A | E | potassium ferrocyanide | anti-caking agent |
| 538 | E | calcium ferrocyanide[?] | anti-caking agent | |
| 540 | dicalcium diphosphate[?] | anti-caking agent | ||
| 541 | A | E | sodium aluminium phosphate[?] | acidity regulator, emulsifier |
| 542 | A | bone phosphate[?] | anti-caking agent | |
| 544 | calcium polyphosphates[?] | anti-caking agent | ||
| 545 | ammonium polyphosphates[?] | anti-caking agent | ||
| 551 | A | E | silicon dioxide | anti-caking agent |
| 552 | A | E | calcium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
| 553a | E | magnesium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent | |
| 553b | A | E | talc | anti-caking agent |
| 554 | A | E | sodium aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
| 555 | E | potassium aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent | |
| 556 | A | E | calcium aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
| 558 | A | E | bentonite | anti-caking agent |
| 559 | A | E | kaolin, aluminium silicate[?] | anti-caking agent |
| 570 | A | E | stearic acid[?] | anti-caking agent |
| 575 | A | E | glucono-delta-lactone[?] | acidity regulator |
| 576 | sodium gluconate[?] | ? | ||
| 577 | A | E | potassium gluconate[?] | stabiliser |
| 578 | A | E | calcium gluconate[?] | acidity regulator |
| 579 | A | E | ferrous gluconate[?] | colour retention agent |
| 585 | E | ferrous lactate[?] | - | |
| 620 | A | E | glutamic acid | flavour enhancer |
| 621 | A | E | monosodium glutamate, MSG | flavour enhancer |
| 622 | A | E | monopotassium glutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
| 623 | A | E | calcium diglutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
| 624 | A | E | monoammonium glutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
| 625 | A | E | magnesium diglutamate[?] | flavour enhancer |
| 626 | guanylic acid[?] | flavour enhancer | ||
| 627 | A | E | disodium guanylate[?] | flavour enhancer |
| 628 | E | dipotassium guanylate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 629 | E | calcium guanylate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 630 | E | inosinic acid[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 631 | A | E | disodium inosinate | flavour enhancer |
| 632 | E | dipotassium inosinate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 633 | E | calcium inosinate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 634 | E | calcium 5'-ribonucleotides[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 635 | A | E | disodium 5'-ribonucleotides[?] | flavour enhancer |
| 636 | A | maltol[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 637 | A | ethyl maltol[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 640 | A | E | glycine | flavour enhancer |
| 641 | A | leucine | flavour enhancer | |
| 650 | E | zinc acetate[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 900 | A | E | dimethylpolysiloxane[?] | emulsifier, anti-caking agent |
| 901 | A | E | beeswax | glazing agent |
| 902 | E | candelilla wax[?] | glazing agent | |
| 903 | A | E | carnauba wax[?] | glazing agent |
| 904 | A | E | shellac | glazing agent |
| 905 | A | E | paraffins | glazing agent |
| 907 | refined microcrystalline wax[?] | glazing agent | ||
| 912 | E | montanic acid esters[?] | humectant | |
| 914 | A | E | oxidised polyethylene wax[?] | humectant |
| 920 | A | E | L-cysteine[?] | flour treatment agent |
| 924 | potassium bromate[?] | flour treatment agent | ||
| 925 | A | chlorine | flour treatment agent | |
| 926 | A | chlorine dioxide[?] | flour treatment agent | |
| 927b | E | carbamide[?] | flour treatment agent | |
| 928 | A | benzoyl peroxide[?] | flour treatment agent | |
| 938 | E | argon | propellant | |
| 939 | E | helium | propellant | |
| 941 | A | E | nitrogen | propellant |
| 942 | A | E | nitrous oxide | propellant |
| 943a | E | butane | propellant | |
| 943b | E | isobutane | propellant | |
| 950 | A | E | acesulphame potassium[?] | artificial sweetener |
| 951 | A | E | aspartame | artificial sweetener |
| 952 | A | E | cyclamic acid[?], cyclamates | artificial sweetener |
| 953 | A | E | isomalt[?] | humectant |
| 954 | A | E | saccharin[?] | artificial sweetener |
| 955 | A | sucralose | artificial sweetener | |
| 956 | A | alitame[?] | artificial sweetener | |
| 957 | A | E | thaumatin[?] | flavour enhancer, artificial sweetener |
| 959 | E | neohesperidine DC[?] | ? | |
| 965 | A | E | maltitol[?] | humectant, stabiliser |
| 966 | A | E | lactitol[?] | humectant |
| 967 | A | E | xylitol | humectant, stabiliser |
| 999 | E | quillaia[?] extract | humectant | |
| 1001 | A | choline salts and esters | emulsifier | |
| 1100 | A | amylases | flour treatment agent | |
| 1102 | A | glucose oxidase[?] | antioxidant | |
| 1103 | E | invertase[?] | ? | |
| 1104 | A | lipases[?] | flavour enhancer | |
| 1105 | A | E | lysozyme[?] | preservative |
| 1200 | A | E | polydextrose[?] | humectant |
| 1201 | A | E | polyvinylpyrrolidone[?] | mineral salt |
| 1202 | A | E | polyvinylpolypyrrolidone[?] | colour stabiliser |
| 1400 | A | dextrin roasted starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 1401 | A | acid treated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 1402 | A | alkaline treated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 1403 | A | bleached starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 1404 | A | E | oxidised starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1405 | A | enzyme treated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 1410 | A | E | monostarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1412 | A | E | distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1413 | A | E | phosphated distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1414 | A | E | acetylated distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1420 | A | E | acetylated starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1422 | A | E | acetylated distarch adipate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1440 | A | E | hydroxypropyl starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1442 | A | E | hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1450 | A | E | starch sodium octenylsuccinate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1451 | E | acetylated oxidised starch[?] | thickener, vegetable gum | |
| 1505 | A | E | triethyl citrate[?] | thickener, vegetable gum |
| 1510 | ethanol (not classified as an additive) | alcohol | ||
| 1518 | A | E | triacetin[?] | humectant |
| 1520 | A | E | propylene glycol | humectant |
| 1521 | A | polyethylene glycol 8000[?] | antifoaming agent | |
- Codex Alimentarius (http://www.codexalimentarius.net/more_info.asp?id_sta=7)
- Australia New Zealand Food Authority (http://www.anzfa.gov.au/mediareleasespublications/publications/shoppersguide/index.cfm)
- Food Additives and Ingredients Association (http://www.faia.org.uk/)
- Northern Allergy Centre's Guide to Food Additives (http://www.x-sitez.com/allergy/additives/)
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