1852 - Studebaker Brothers wagon company, precursor of the automobile manufacturer, is established
1857 - The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet University) is established in Washington, DC becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf.
... of Vichy France government had begun. De Gaulle also became a de facto leader of Free French Forces.
Various groups organized in both occupied and unoccupied France. ...