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Timeline of Polish history

Timeline of Polish History

Dates and most important events in Polish history from prehistoric times up to the present day.

c.960
Mieszko I assumes rule in Poland
966
Christianization of Mieszko I and Poland
968
First bishopric in Poland - Poznan
972
Mieszko's victorious battle of Cedynia over margrave Hodon
992
Death of Mieszko I
992-1025
Reign of Boleslaw I Chrobry (the Brave)
997
Death of St.Adalbert of Prague during the christianization of Prussians
1000
The Congress of Gniezno with participation of the Emperor Otto III
1000
Bishopric founded in Gniezno
1025
Coronation of Boleslaw I Chrobry as the King of Poland
1034-1058
Reign of Casimir the Restorer
1034-1039
People's rebellion and invasion of the Czech prince, Brzetyslav.
1076
Coronation of Boleslaw the Bold for the king of Poland
1079-1102
Reign of prince Ladislas
1102-1138
Reign of prince Boleslav the Wrymouthed (Boleslav Krzywousty)
1106-1107
War between Boleslav the Wrymouthed and his brother Zbigniew
1138
Following Boleslaw's death, in accordance with his will, Poland is split into five main provinces, one for each of his sons, with the senior holding also the "royal" province between Great and Little Poland. Beginning of regional disintegration which continues until 1320.
1146-1173
Boleslav the Curly[?] is the senior prince in Cracow
1226
Konrad of Mazovia[?] asks Teutonic Knights, recently expelled from Hungary by Andrew II, to settle in Poland and gives them land in northern Mazovia, in addition to any territory they can wrest from the pagan Prussians and Lithuanians. The christianization of Prussia begins
1241
The Mongol invasion cuts a wide swath of destruction through southern Poland; Cracow is besieged.
In July, the host of the Silesian princes is met and routed at Legnica, a defeat accompanied by the death of overlord Henryk Pobozny[?].
1295
Coronation of Przemysl II[?] for the king of Poland in Gniezno; shortly after, he is murdered in a bathhouse.
1300
Coronation of Waclav II, king of Bohemia, as the king of Poland
1305
Death of Waclav II, his son Waclav III becomes the king of Poland
1306
Waclaw III is killed by an assassin while travelling to Cracow to inaugurate his reign in Poland
1306-1333
Reign of Wladyslaw the Elbow High (Wladyslaw Lokietek)
1308-1309
The Teutonic Knights drive out the Brandenburgians who captured Gdansk, but hold the city for themselves. Wladyslaw the Elbow High , caught up with the situation in Little Poland, particularly the conspiracy led by Albert, the Cracow mayor, cannot intervene.
1320
Coronation of Wladislaw the Elbow High and reunion of most of the Polish lands
1327-1332
War against the Teutonic Order
1331
Battle at Plowce
1343
Peace treaty with the Teutonic Order in Kalisz
1370
Death of Casimir the Great ends Piast Dynasty
1370-1382
Reign of Louis I of Hungary
1385
Personal union with Lithuania following marriage of Polish princess Jadwiga with the Grand Duke of Lithuania Wladyslaw Jagiello
1386-1434
Reign of Wladyslaw Jagiello, beginning of Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland
1387
Formal christianization of Lithuania
1409-1411
War with Teutonic Knights
1410 July 15
Victorious battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) with Teutonic Knights
1411 February
First peace treaty of Torun with Teutonic Order
1434-1444
Reign of Wladislaw III
1444
Battle at Varna against Turkey and death of Wladislaw III
1454 February
Prussian Confederation of cities and gentry revolts against rule of Teutonic Knights, and (March) accepts Polish sovereignty
1454-1466
Thirteen Years' War of Poland and Prussian Confederation against Teutonic Knights
1466 October
Second Treaty of Thorn: the Teutonic Order cedes western (henceforth Royal) Prussia to Poland; eastern (later Ducal) Prussia remains under control of the Order, as a Polish fief.
1474
First Polish printed text (in Cracow)
1492-1501
Reign of Jan Olbracht
1569
Administrative union of Lublin creates the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita)
1572
Death of Sigismund II, the last king of the Jagiellonian Dynasty
1573
Election of Henry of Valois as the King of Poland
1575
Stephen Báthory is the King of Poland
1610
Polish-Lithuanian forces occupy Moscow
1620
War with Turkey
1655-1660
Invasion of Poland by the Army of Charles X of Sweden in the Second Northern War[?], known in Poland as "the Deluge"
1683 September 12
Polish king John III Sobieski defeats Turkish Army near Vienna
1768
The Confederation of Bar
1772
The First Partition of Poland: Austria receives Galicia, the kingdom of Prussia gains West Prussia, and Russia gains Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel
1791 May 3
Proclamation of the May Constitution
1793
The Second Partition of Poland: Russia gains Podolia[?], eastern Volhynia[?] and nost of modern Belarus, while Prussia gains Greater Poland
1794 March
The national insurrection lead by Tadeusz Kosciuszko
1795
The Third Partition of Poland: Russia gains Curonia[?], Lithuania, western Belarus and western Volhynia, while Prussia receives the land to the north and west of Warsaw, and Austria the land to the south and east of the city.
1795 November 25
The kingdom of Poland comes to an end with the abdication of Stanislaus II[?]
1807
The Grand Duchy of Warsaw is created under French tutelage from the territories annexed by Prussia in 1793 and 1795
1809
The Grand Duchy gains the area annexed by Austria in 1795
1813
Poland is occupied by Russian troops, bringing the Grand Duchy to an end
1815
Most of the former Grand Duchy (excluding the Poznan and Torun districts) become the Kingdom of Poland under the rule of the Tsar of Russia.
1830 November 29
The November Uprising against occupation of Poland
1832 February 26
Russian-occupied Poland is stripped of its separate administration
1846 February 22
Krakow Uprising: the city is annexed by Austria in November
1863 January 22
The January Uprising against occupation of Poland: fighting continues into 1864
1914 August
Outbreak of World War I: Marshal Pilsudski's troops fight with German and Austrian troops against Russia
1916 November 5
Germany and Austria-Hungary proclaim an independent kingdom of Poland, in practice under German control
1917 July
Pilsudski imprisoned at Madgeburg after supporting Polish soldiers who refused to swear brotherhood with their german and Austrian counterparts
1918 March 3
Russia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk renouncing sovereignty over Poland
1918 November 11
Poland regains independence
1918-1919
Uprising in Greater Poland region for liberation from German administration
1920 April 25-October 12
Polish-Soviet War
1921 March 17
Proclamation of the March Constitution
1921 March 18
Treaty of Riga
1926 May 12-14
Coup d'etat by Jozef Pilsudski
1935 May 12
Pilsudski dies: Marshal Rydz-Smigly[?] becomes leader of regime
1939 September 1
Germany invades Poland - the beginning of WWII
1939 September 17
Soviet troops invade and then occupy eastern Poland
1944 August 1-October 2
The Warsaw Uprising
1944 July 22
Communist-dominated Polish National Liberation Committee is formed in Lublin on land liberated by Soviet and Polish troops
1944 December 31
National Liberation Committee establishes provisional government
1948 December 20
Communist (Workers) Party merges with left wing of Socialist Party as Polish United Workers Party (PZPR)
1956 October
Gomulka apponted leader of United Workers Party
1970 December
Protests leade to Gomulka's replacement by Edward Gierek
1980 August 31
victory of Solidarity Trade Union strike led by Lech Walesa in Gdansk, a 21-point agreement with the Communist government signed
1981 December 13
Martial law is proclaimed by the Communist authorities led by prime minister General Wojciech Jaruzelski
1983 July
Lifting of the state of martial law in Poland
1989 June 4
The first free postwar general elections (with some reservations) in Poland return a pro-Solidarity majority
1989 September 12
The first non-communist-dominated government in Poland since the war
1990 December 9
Walesa elected President of Poland
1992
The last Soviet troops leave Poland
1997 April 2
New Constitution adopted
1999 March 12
Poland becomes a member of NATO

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