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Timeline of Ancient Greece

This page is a Timeline of Ancient Greece

BC

1000-700
Synoikismos of Athens, people of Attica were willing to transfer their allegiance to one city, Athens, because of Theseus
683[?]
office of Archon established King was emasculated
632
Cylon, Athenian noble, seizes Acropolis and tries to make himself king, fails
621[?]
Draco, Athenian lawgiver, issues code of laws where everything is punishable by death -- Draconian
594[?]
Solon, Athenian statesman, becomes Archon, captures Salamis from Megarians, establishes Timocracy, rule by the richest, constitutional reforms, more vote and trade, abolishes slavery, Know Thyself
590[?]
Sappho, Greek poetess and priestess, flourishes on island of Lesbos
565[?]
Pisistratus, Athenian general, organizes Diakrioi[?], party of poor people
561[?]
Pisistratus takes power first time, driven out by Lycurgus who leads nobles
559
Pisistratus restored by help of Megacles[?]
556
Pisistratus expelled, makes fortune from Thracian mines
546
Croesus, rich king of Lydia, killed at Sardis by Persians
546
Pisistratus restored by Thessaly and Lygdamos[?] of Naxos
527
Pisistratus dies, succeeded by sons Hippias[?] and Hipparchus[?]
525
Persian Darius I, son-in-law of Cyrus the Great takes Egypt
507
Cleisthenes[?], Greek reformer, takes power, increases democracy
490
Themistocles and Miltiades, Athenians, defeat Darius at Marathon, Phidippides runs with news
484
Aeschylus, Athenian playwright, wins Athenian Prize
480
Leonidas, Thespian, makes sacrifice of 300 Spartans at Thermopylae so main force can escape, Xerxes son of Darius is leading the Persians
480
Battle of Salamis - Themistocles, Athenian general, lures Persians into Bay of Salamis, Xerxes loses and goes home, leaves behind Mardonius[?]
479
Pausanius, Greek general routs Mardonius[?] at Plataea
479
Battle of Mycale[?] frees Greek colonies in Asia. After the Battle of Salamis, Athens set up the Delian League, treasury on island of Delos, a confederacy of cities around the Aegean[?]. It was intended as a military defense association against Persia but was turned into an empire, collecting tribute and deciding policy of its associates. Sparta formed rival Peloponnesian League
476-462
Cimon elected general each year, he was victorious over Persia and then enforced military power on Delian League
474
Pindar, Greek poet moves to Thebes from court at Syracuse
471
Themistocles ostracized
468
Sophocles, Greek playwright, defeats Aeschylus for Athenian Prize
461
Cimon ostracized
457
Pericles, Athenian statesman begins Golden Age, he was taught by Anaxagoras, who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms
456
Aeschylus dies
449
Herodotus, Greek Historian, writes History of Greco-Persian War from 490-479
448
Ictinus[?] and Callicrates[?], Greek architects rebuild Acropolis from Persain destruction
441
Euripides, Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize
440
Heraclitus, Greek philospher, believes everything is mutable
435
Phidias, Greek sculptor, completes Zeus at Elis 1 of 7 wonders
433
Corinth and Sparta Megara[?] and Aegini[?] also ally against Corfu and Athens Rhegium[?] and Leontini also
432
End of Golden Age, Peloponnesian Wars begin Athens under Pericles blockades Potidaea[?], Corfu declares war on Corinth
431
Sparta led by Archidamus II sets out to destroy Athens
431
Empedocles, Greek doctor, believes body has 4 humors
430
Failed peace mission by Athens, bubonic plague year, Sparta takes no prisoners
430
Leucippus, Greek philospher, believes every natural event has natural cause
429
Phormio[?], Atheinian admiral, wins at Chalcis
429
Pericles dies of bubonic plague
429
Hippocrates, Greek doctor, believes diseases have physical cause
428
Mitylene[?] rebels, chief city of Lesbos
427
Archidamus II dies, Alcidas[?], Greek admiral sent to help Lesbos, raids Ionia and flees after seeing Athenian might
427
Mitylene[?] surrenders to Athens, Plataeans[?] surrender to Athens
427
Aristophanes, Greek playwright, wins Athenian Prize
426
Corfu secures island for Athens
426
Demosthenes, Athenian general, and Cleon, Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by Nicias, his first military campaign barely succeeds
425
Athenian fleet bottles up Spartan navy at Navarino Bay[?], Nicias resigns
424
Syracuse sends Athenians home
424
Pagondas[?] of Thebes crushes Athenian army at Delium[?], Brasidas a Spartan general makes a successful campaign, Cleon exiles Thucydides for 20 years for arriving late
423
Truce of Laches[?] supposed to stop Brasidas but doesn't, Nicias leads Athenian forces in retaking Mende[?]
422
Cleon meets Brasidas outside of Amphipolis, both are killed
421
Peace of Nicias brings temporary end to war, but Alcibiades, a nephew of Pericles, makes anti-Sparta alliance
420
Quadruple alliance of Athens, Argus, Mantinea[?], and Elis confronts Spartan-Boeotian alliance
419
King Agis, ruler of Sparta, attacks Argus, makes treaty
418
Mantinea[?], greatest land battle of war, gives Sparta victory over Argus, which broke treaty, Alcibiades thrown out, alliance broken
416
Alcibiades makes plans, is restored to power
415
Hermai are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle, is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to Sparta
414
Lemachus[?], Athenian commander killed at Syracuse
413
Nicias and Demosthenes killed at Syracuse
412
Alcibiades is thrown out of Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens
411
Democracy ends in Athens by Antiphon, Peisander[?], and Phrynichus[?], overthrown by Theramenes, Constitution of the 5000[?], Athenian navy recalls Alcibiades, confirmed by Athenians
410
After several successes, Athenian demagogue Cleophon[?] rejects Sparta peace overtures
409
Byzantium recaptured by Alcibiades for Athens
408
Alcibiades reenters Athens in triumph, Lysander, a Spartan commander, builds fleet at Ephesus
407
Lysander begins destruction of Athenian fleet, Alcibiades stripped of power
406
Callicratides[?], Spartan naval leader, loses Battle of Arginusae[?] over blockade of Mitylene[?] harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon[?]
405
Lysander captures Athenian fleet, Spartan king Pausanius lays siege to Athens, Cleophon[?] executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens
404
Athens capitulates Apr 25 Theramenes secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed
401
Thucydides, Greek historian, leaves account of Golden Age and Pelopennesian War[?] at his death
399
Socrates, Greek philospher, condemned to death for corrupting youth
347
Plato, Greek philospher, founds Academy
342
Aristotle, Greek philosopher, begins teaching Alexander, son of Philip of Macedon
338
Philip of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes in last struggle for Greek Independence at Battle of Cheronea[?] Aug 2
336
Alexander succeeds father, who was assassinated at the wedding feast of his daughter
333
Alexander defeats Persians at Battle of Issus, Oct, but Darius III escapes
332
Alexander conquers Egypt
331
at Battle of Arbela[?] Oct 1, Alexander end Achaemenid Dynasty and takes Persian Empire
330
Democritus, Greek philosopher, develops Atomic theory, believes cause and necessity, nothing comes out of nothing

329
Alexander conquers Samarkand
327
Alexander invades Northern India[?], but army is tired so doesn't pursue it
323
Alexander dies, his generals vie for power in Wars of the Diadochi[?] Antigonus- Macedonia, Antipater- Macedonia, Seleucus- Babylonia and Syria, Ptolemy- Egypt, Eumenes[?]- Macedonia, Lysimachus, later Antipaters son Cassander also vies for power
316
Meander, Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize
300
Euclid, Greek mathematician, publishes Elements, treating both geometry and number theory (see also Euclidean algorithm)
295
Athens falls to Demetrius, Lachares[?] killed
265
Archimedes, Greek mathematician, develops screw, specific gravity, center of gravity; anticipates discoveries of integral calculus

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