Trees of Canada

This list includes many of the common large shrubs of Canada, as well as the trees. Many of the trees on this list are introduced as ornamentals or for food and are not common in Canada. Also due to the vast area of Canada, a tree that is common in one area, may be completely absent or unable to grow in another area.

Abies firs

• amabilis pacific silver fir
• balsamea balsam fir
• concolor white fir - introduced
• grandis grand fir
• lasiocarpa subalpine fir
• magnifica California red fir - introduced
• nordmanniana nordmann fir - introduced
• pinsapo Spanish fir - introduced
• procera noble fir - introduced

Acer maples

• circinatum vine maple
• xfreemanii Freeman's maple
• ginnala amur maple - introduced
• glabrum Douglas maple
• macrophyllum bigleaf maple
• negundo Manitoba maple or boxelder
• nigrum black maple
• palmatum Japanese maple - introduced
• pensylvanicum striped maple
• platanoides Norway maple - introduced
• pseudoplatanus sycamore maple - introduced
• rubrum red maple
• saccharinum silver maple
• saccharum sugar maple
• spicatum mountain maple

Aesculus buckeyes

• x carnea red horsechestnut - introduced
• glabra Ohio buckeye
• hippocastanum horsechestnut - introduced

Ailanthus altissima ailanthus - introduced

Alnus alders

• glutinosa European black alder - introduced
• incana speckled alder
• rubra red alder
• serrulata hazel alder
• viridis green alder

Amelanchier serviceberries

• alnifolia saskatoon berry
• arborea downy serviceberry
• bartramiana mountain serviceberry
• florida pacific serviceberry
• laevis smooth serviceberry
• sanguinea roundleaf serviceberry

Aralia elata Japanese angelica-tree - introduced

Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone[?]

Asimina triloba pawpaw

Aurucaria aurucana monkey puzzle - introduced

Betula birches

• alleghaniensis yellow birch[?]
• X caerulea blueleaf birch
• cordifolia mountanpaper birch
• kenaica Kenai paper birch
• lenta cherry birch
• neoalaskana Alaska paper birch
• occidentalis water birch
• papyrifera white birch
• pendula European white birch - introduced
• populifolia gray birch

Caragana arborescens Siberian pea-tree[?] - introduced

Carpinus caroliniana hornbeam or blue-beech

Carya hickories

• cordiformis bitternut hickory
• glabra red and pignut hickories
• laciniosa shellbark hickory
• ovata shagbark hickory

Castanea chestnuts

• dentata American chestnut
• mollissima Chinese chestnut - introduced

Catalpa catalpas

• bignonioides southern catalpa
• ovata Japanese catalpa
• speciosa northern catalpa

Cedrus cedars

• atlantica atlas cedar - introduced
• deodora deodar cedar - introduced
• libani cedar of Lebanon - introduced

Celtis hackberries[?]

• occidentalis hackberry
• tenuifolia dwarf hackberry

Cephalanthus occidentalis button-bush[?]

Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura-tree[?] - introduced

Cercis canadensis redbud[?]

Chamaecyparis

• lawsoniana Lawson-cypress - introduced
• nootkatensis yellow-cedar
• obtusa Hinoki-cypress - introduced
• pisifera sawara-cypress - introduced

Cladrastis lutea yellow-wood[?] - introduced

Cornus dogwoods[?]

• alternifolia alternate-leaved dogwood
• florida eastern flowering dogwood
• kousa Kousa dogwood - introduced
• mas Cornelian-cherry
• nuttallii western flowering dogwood

Corylus hazelnuts[?]

• americana American hazel
• avellana European filbert - introduced
• colurna Turkish hazel - introduced
• cornuta beaked hazel

Cotinus coggygria smokebush[?] - introduced

Crataegus Hawthorns - too many species to list.

Cryptomeria japonica Japanese-cedar[?] - introduced

Elaeagnus

• angustifolia Russian-olive[?] - introduced
• commutata silverberry[?]

Euonymus Euonymus[?]

• alatus winged euonymus - introduced
• atropurpureus burning-bush euonymus
• europaeus European euonymus - introduced
• fortunei winter-creeper euonymus - introduced

Fagus beeches

• grandifolia American beech
• sylvatica European beech - introduced

Fraxinus ashes

• americana white ash
• excelsior European ash - introduced
• latifolia Oregon ash
• nigra black ash
• pennsylvanica red and green ashes
• profunda pumpkin ash
• quadrangulata blue ash

Ginkgo biloba ginkgo

Gleditsia triacanthos honey-locust[?]

Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky coffee-tree[?]

Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel[?]

Hippophae rhamnoides sea-buckthorn - introduced

Ilex hollies

• aquifolium English holly - introduced
• opaca American holly - introduced
• verticillata common winterberry

Juglans walnuts

• cineria butternut
• nigra black walnut
• regia English walnut - introduced

Juniperus junipers

• chinensis Chinese juniper - introduced
• communis common juniper
• horizontalis creeping juniper
• sabina savin - introduced
• scopulorum rocky mountain juniper
• virginiana Eastern red-cedar

Laburnum anagyroides goldenchain tree[?] - introduced

Larix larches

• decidua European larch - introduced
• gmelinii Dahurian larch - introduced
• kaempferi Japanese larch - introduced
• laricina tamarack
• lyallii subalpine larch
• occidentalis western larch
• sibirica Siberian larch - introduced

Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum[?] - introduced

Liriodendron tulipifera tulip-tree[?]

Maclura pomifera Osage-orange[?] - introduced

Magnolia magnolias

• acuminata cucumber-tree
• x soulangiana saucer magnolia

Malus apples

• baccata Siberian crab apple - introduced
• coronaria wild crab apple
• fusca pacific crab apple
• sylvestris common apple - introduced

Metasequoia glyptostroboides dawn redwood - introduced

Morus mulberries

• alba white mulberry - introduced
• rubra red mulberry

Myrica californica pacific bayberry[?]

Nemopanthus mucronatus mountain-holly

Nyssa sylvatica black gum

Ostrya virginiana ironwood[?]

Phellodendron amurense Amur corktree[?] - introduced

Picea spruces

• abies Norway spruce - introduced
• engelmannii Engelmann spruce
• glauca white spruce
• mariana black spruce
• omorika Serbian spruce - introduced
• pungens Colorado spruce - introduced
• rubens red spruce
• sitchensis sitka spruce

Pinus pines

• albicaulis whitebark pine
• aristata bristlecone pine
• banksiana jack pine
• contorta lodgepole pine
• contorta var. contorta shore pine
• flexilis limber pine
• monticola western white pine
• mugo mugho pine - introduced
• nigra Austrian pine - introduced
• ponderosa ponderosa pine
• resinosa red pine
• rigida pitch pine
• strobus eastern white pine
• sylvestris scots pine

Platanus sycamores

• x acerifolia London plane-tree - introduced
• occidentalis American sycamore

Populus poplars, aspens, cottonwoods

• x acuminata lanceleaf cottonwood
• alba European white poplar - introduced
• angustifolia narrowleaf cottonwood
• balsamifera balsam poplar
• x canadensis carolina poplar - introduced
• deltoides cottonwood
• grandidentata largetoothed aspen
• x jackii Jack's hybrid poplar
• nigra var. italica Lombardy poplar
• simonii simon poplar
• tremuloides trembling aspen
• trichocarpa black cottonwood

Prunus cherries, plums, peach

• americana American plum
• armeniaca apricot
• avium sweet cherry - introduced
• cerasus sour cherry - introduced
• emarginata bitter cherry
• maackii amur chokecherry - introduced
• nigra Canada plum
• pensylvanica pin cherry
• serotina black cherry
• serrulata Japanese flowering cherry - introduced
• virginiana chokecherry

Pseudotsuga menziesii douglas-fir

Ptelea trifoliata common hop-tree[?]

Pyrus communis common pear

Quercus oaks

• alba white oak
• bicolor swamp white oak
• coccinea scarlet oak - introduced
• ellipsoidalis Northern pin oak
• garryana Garry oak
• ilicifolia bear oak
• macrocarpa bur oak
• montana chestnut oak
• muehlenbergii chinquapin oak
• palustris pin oak
• prinoides dwarf chinquapin oak
• robur English oak
• rubra northern red oak
• shumardii shumard oak
• velutina black oak

Rhamnus buckthorns[?]

• cathartica European buckthorn - introduced
• frangula glossy buckthorn - introduced
• purshiana cascara buckthorn

Rhododendron rhododendrons

• macrophyllum pacific rhododendron
• maximum rosebay rhododendron - introduced

Rhus sumacs[?]

• copallina shining sumac
• glabra smooth sumac
• typhina staghorn sumac

Robinia pseudoacacia black locust[?] - introduced

Sassafras albidum sassafras

Salix willows - too many species to list.

Sambucus elderberry[?]

• callicarpa red-berry elder
• canadensis American elder
• cerulea blue-berry elder
• melanocarpa black-berry elder
• pubens eastern red-berry elder

Sciadopitys verticillata umbrella pine[?] - introduced

Sequoia redwoods

• sempervirens California redwood - introduced

Sequoiadendron redwoods

• giganteum giant sequoia - introduced

Shepherdia argentea silver buffalo-berry[?]

Sorbus mountain-ashes[?]

• americana American mountain-ash
• aucuparia European mountain-ash - introduced
• decora showy mountain-ash
• sitchensis sitka mountain-ash

Syringia vulgaris common lilac

Taxodium bald-cypresses[?]

• distichum bald-cypress - introduced

Taxus yews

• baccata English yew - introduced
• brevifolia western yew
• canadensis Canada yew
• cuspidata Japanese yew - introduced

Thuja thujas

• occidentalis Eastern white-cedar
• orientalis Oriental-cedar
• plicata Western red-cedar

Tilia lindens

• americana basswood
• cordata little-leaf linden - introduced
• tomentosa white linden - introduced

Toxicodendron vernix poison-sumac[?]

Tsuga hemlocks

• canadensis eastern hemlock
• heterophylla western hemlock
• mertensiana mountain hemlock

Ulmus elms

• americana white elm
• glabra scotch elm - introduced
• procera English elm - introduced
• pumila Siberian elm - introduced
• rubra slippery elm
• thomasii rock elm

Viburnum viburnums

• edule squashberry
• lantana wayfaring-tree - introduced
• lentago sweet viburnum, nannyberry
• opulus European highbush-cranberry
• trilobus highbush cranberry

Zanthoxylum americanum common prickly-ash[?]

Zelkova serrata Japanese zelkova[?] - introduced