Cigarette

A cigarette is a disposable smoke delivery device consisting of a small (generally less than 10cm in length and 10mm in diameter) cylinder of cured and shredded tobacco leaves (or in some cases other herbs), wrapped in paper, which is ignited and let smolder for the purpose of inhaling its smoke. A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its small size and paper wrapping (cigars are composed entirely of tobacco); a small, cigarette-sized cigar is called a "cigarillo".

Some cigarette smokers "roll" their own cigarettes by wrapping loose cured tobacco in paper; most, however, purchase machine-made commercially available brands, generally sold in small cardboard packages of 20 cigarettes. Commercial cigarettes usually contain a cellulose acetate or cotton filter through which the smoker inhales the cigarette's smoke; the filter serves to cool and somewhat clean the smoke.

Before the Second World War many manufacturers gave away collectible cards, one in each packet of cigarettes. This practice was dicontinued to save paper during the war, and was never generally reintroduced. On April 1, 1970 President Richard Nixon signed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act[?] into law banning cigarette television advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.

Table of contents 1 Cigarettes and cancer 2 Consumption 3 Health Effects 4 Cigarette manufacturers 5 Brands

Cigarettes and cancer

Cigarette smoking is one of the principal causes of lung cancer, a major cause of death amongst smokers. The tobacco industry tried for many years to deny this link, and to oppose medical research that attempted to prove the link.

Consumption Approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced globally each year by the tobacco industry, smoked by over 1.1 billion people.

Smoking Prevalence by Gender
	PERCENT SMOKING
REGION	MEN	WOMEN
African	29	4
American	35	22
Eastern Mediterranean	35	4
European	46	26
South-East Asia	44	4
Western Pacific	60	8
(2000, World Health Organization estimates)

Health Effects Tobacco use, notably in cigarettes, is one of the leading forms of preventable death. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage and underweight infants. Smoking increases the chance of heart attacks and a variety of cancers.

Smoking increases the metabolic rate, and thus can slightly reduce a smoker's weight.

Nicotine is quite an effective appetite suppressant[?], and former smokers often develop junk food habits as they attempt to satisfy their tobacco cravings with snacks. Smoking cessation[?] is usually associated with a moderate weight gain[?]; if this is considered a problem, one should pay close attention to one's diet (e.g. snack on carrot sticks rather than twinkies.)

Cigarette manufacturers (incomplete)

• Altadis[?]
• BAT[?]
• Gallaher[?]
• Imperial Tobacco[?]
• Liggett Group[?]
• Japan Tabacco[?]
• Philip Morris (Altria Group)
• R.J. Reynolds Tobacco
• Reemtsma[?] (now a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco)
• Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company[?] (SFNTC)

http://www.tobacco.org Brands (links often show other meanings of the name, in many cases including that what the brand is named after)

• 555
• American Spirit[?]
• Barclay[?]
• Belga[?]
• Belinda
• Benson & Hedges[?]
• Caballero[?]
• Camel cigarettes[?]
• Craven A
• Davidoff[?]
• Dunhill[?]
• Export A[?]
• Gauloises[?]
• Gauloises Blondes[?]
• Gladstone cigarettes[?]
• Kent cigarettes[?]
• Lexington
• Lucky Strike[?]
• Mantano[?]
• Marlboro (see also Don Tennant)
• Mild Seven[?]
• Pall Mall[?] (also a street in London)
• Peter Stuyvesant cigarettes[?]
• R6[?]
• Rothmans[?]
• Roxy[?]
• Salem
• Silk Cut[?]
• Sobranie[?]
• Tivoli cigarettes[?]
• West
• Winfield[?]