Slavonia is a region in the Eastern
Croatia. It is a fertile agricultural and forested lowland bounded, in part, by the
Drava River in the north and the
Sava River in the south. Wheat and corn are the major crops, and the leading industry is food processing. It also has rich oil and natural-gas resources. The region was originally part of the Roman province of
Pannonia. In the
7th century a Slavic state owing allegiance to the
Avars was established. With Croatia, Slavonia was united within
Hungary in
1102. It came under
Turkish rule in the
16th century and was recovered by Hungary from the Turks through the
Treaty of Carlowitz (
1699). As a result of the Revolution of
1848, Hungary lost Slavonia, which was made an
Austrian crownland, but in
1868 Slavonia was restored to the Hungarian crown and united with Croatia. It became part of
Yugoslavia in
1918. When the Yugoslav constituent republic of Croatia declared its independence in
1991, Croatian
Serb and Yugoslav forces seized control of portions of Slavonia and other areas in Croatia, but by late
1995 Serbs retained control of only Eastern Slavonia, which was returned to Croatian rule in January
1998.
The biggest city is Osijek with a population of 104,761 (1991).
Other cities are Vukovar (which was occupied by Serbs during the
Croatian war for independence), Vinkovci, Slavonski Brod, Pozega,
Dakovo, Valpovo, Belisce, Nasice, Slatina, Virovitica.
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