Lakota

The Lakota ("friend(s)", spoken and writen "Lakhota" by the Lakota people) are a Native American tribe, also known as the Sioux, which is the abbreviation of Nadouéssioux ("enemy"), by which a neighbouring tribe, either the Ojibwa or the Ottawa[?], referred to them, or the Dakota. The Lakota after the adoption of the horse were part of the Great Plains Culture[?], living in the northern Great Plains, which centered on the buffalo and the horse. There were 30,000 Lakota in the mid-18th century. The number has increased to 70,000 nowadays.

The Lakota were allied with the Arapaho and the Cheyenne.

They and their allies defeated the 7th U.S. Cavalry under the command of General George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876. They were defeated decisively by the U.S. military fourteen years later, at the Massacre of Wounded Knee.

The U.S. states of North Dakota and South Dakota are named after the Lakota.

The Black Hills are sacred to the Lakota, who object to mining in the area.

The name Sioux was composed by the French, who put two words together. The Algonquin, Nadowe ("snake") and the French "Sioux" ("little"). This term was meant as an insult, but today the Federal Government of the United States has applied this name to represent all of the Lokota people.

The Lakota, have names of their own. The "Santee" received this name from camping for long periods in a place where they collected stone for making knives. The "Yankton" received this name which meant people from the villages of far away. The "Tetonwan" were known as people who lived on the prairie. From these three principal groups, came seven sub-tribes.

Divisions

The Sioux Nation consists of divisions, each of which may have distinct bands, the larger of which are divided into sub-bands.

• Eastern division (the Dakota, the Santee)
  • Mdewakantonwan
  • Sisitonwan
  • Wahpekute
  • Wahpetonwan
• Middle division (the Nakota)
  • Ihanktonwan (Yankton)
  • Ihanktonwana (Yanktonai)
• Western division (the Lakota)
  • Titonwan (Teton)
    • Hunkpapa
    • Oglala

      notable persons: Crazy Horse, Red Cloud[?], and Billy Mills[?] (Olympics sportsman)

      • Payabya
      • Tapisleca
      • Kiyaksa
      • Wajaje
      • Itesica
      • Oyuhpe
      • Wagluhe
    • Sihasapa (Blackfoot Sioux)
    • Sicangu (French: Brulé)
      • Upper Sicangu
      • Lower Sicangu
    • Hunkpapa
    • Miniconjou
    • Itazipacola (French: Sans Arcs "No Bows")
    • Oohenonpa (Two-Kettle or Two Boilings)

Some minor divisions:

• Dhegiha
  • Omaha
  • Ponca
  • Quapaw
  • Osage
  • Kansa
• Chiwere
  • Iowa
  • Oto
  • Missouri
• Mandan
  • Mandan
• Hidatsa
  • Hidatsa

Reservations

Today, one half of all Enrolled Sioux live off the Reservation.

Federally recognized Sioux Reservations[?] include:

• Oglasa (Pine Ridge)
• Brule (Rosebud)
• Hunkpapa (Standing Rock)
• Miniconju (Cheyenne River)
• Sans Arc (Cheyenne River)
• Two-Kettle (Cheyenne River)