Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. Four of the five prizes are awarded in Stockholm each year, but Nobel had stipulated in his will that the Peace Prize could not be awarded in Sweden. Instead the Norwegian capital of Oslo was chosen as the award site and a Norwegian Nobel Prize Committee is appointed to select the laureate for the Peace Prize.

According to the will of Alfred Nobel the prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".

Laureates This is a list of the Nobel Peace Prize laureates:

1901

Jean Henri Dunant (Switzerland), founder of the Red Cross and initiator of the Geneva convention. : Frédéric Passy[?] (France), founder and president of the Societé Française pour l'arbitrage entre nations[?].

1902

Élie Ducommun (Switzerland) and Charles Albert Gobat[?], honorary secretaries of the Permanent International Peace Bureau[?] in Berne.

1903

Sir William Randal Cremer[?] (UK), secretary of the International Arbitration League[?].

1904

Institut De Droit International[?] (Gent, Belgium).

1905

Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau (Austria), writer, honorary president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau[?].

1906

Theodore Roosevelt (USA), president of the United States, for drawing up the peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War.

1907

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta[?] (Italy), president of the Lombard League of Peace[?]. : Louis Renault[?] (France), professor of International Law.

1908

Klas Pontus Arnoldson[?] (Sweden), founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League[?]. : Fredrik Bajer[?] (Denmark), honorary president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau[?].

1909

Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert[?] (Belgium), member of the Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage[?]. : Paul Henribenjamin Balluet D'estournelles De Constant, Baron De Constant De Rebecque[?] (France), founder and president of the French parliamentary group for international arbitration. Founder of the Comité de défense des intérets nationaux et de conciliation internationale[?]

1910

Bureau International Permanent De La Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau[?]), Berne.

1911

Tobias Michael Carel Asser[?] (Netherlands), initiator of the International Conferences of Private Law[?] in The Hague. : Alfred Hermann Fried[?] (Austria), founder of Die Waffen Nieder[?].

1912

Elihu Root[?] (USA), for initiating various arbitration agreements.

1913

Henri La Fontaine[?] (Belgium), president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau[?].

1914-1916

Not awarded.

1917

International Red Cross, Geneva.

1918

Not awarded.

1919

Woodrow Wilson (USA) for founding the League of Nations.

1920

Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois, president of the Council of the League of Nations.

1921

Karl Hjalmar Branting[?] (Sweden), prime minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the League of Nations. : Christian Lous Lange (Norway), secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union

1922

Fridtjof Nansen (Norway), Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations, originator of the Nansen passports for refugees.

1923-1924

Not awarded.

1925

Sir Austen Chamberlain (UK) for the Locarno Treaty[?]. : Charles Gates Dawes[?] (USA), chairman of the Allied Reparation Commission[?] and originator of the Dawes Plan[?].

1926

Aristide Briand (France) for the Locarno Treaty[?] and the Briand-Kellogg Pact. : Gustav Stresemann (Germany) for the Locarno Treaty[?].

1927

Ferdinand Buisson[?] (France), founder and president of the League for Human Rights[?]. : Ludwig Quidde (Germany), delegate to numerous peace conferences.

1928

Not awarded.

1929

Frank B. Kellogg (USA) for the Briand-Kellogg Pact.

1930

Archbishop Lars Olof Nathan (Jonathan) Söderblom[?] (Sweden), leader of the ecumenical movement.

1931

Jane Addams (USA), international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom[?] : Nicholas Murray Butler[?] (USA) for promoting the Briand-Kellogg Pact.

1932

Not awarded.

1933

Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)[?] (UK), writer, member of the Executive Committee of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council[?].

1934

Arthur Henderson[?] (UK), chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference[?]

1935

Carl von Ossietzky (Germany), pacifist journalist.

1936

Carlos Saavedra Lamas[?] (Argentina), president of the League of Nations and mediator in a conflict between Paraguay and Bolivia.

1937

Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)[?], founder and president of the International Peace Campaign[?].

1938

Nansen International Office For Refugees[?], Geneva.

1939-1943

Not awarded.

1944

International Committee of the Red Cross (awarded retroactively in 1945).

1945

Cordell Hull[?] (USA) for co-initiating the United Nations.

1946

Emily Greene Balch[?] (USA), honorary international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom[?] : John Raleigh Mott[?] (USA), chairman of the International Missionary Council[?] and president of the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations[?]

1947

The Friends Service Council (UK) and The American Friends Service Committee (USA), on behalf of the Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers.

1948

Not awarded.

1949

Lord John Boyd Orr of Brechin[?] (UK), director General Food and Agricultural Organization[?], president National Peace Council[?], president World Union of Peace Organizations[?].

1950

Ralph Bunche[?] for mediating in Palestine (1948).

1951

Léon Jouhaux[?] (France), president of the International Committee of the European Council[?], vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council[?], delegate to the UN.

1952

Albert Schweitzer (France) for founding the Lambarene Hospital[?] in Gabon.

1953

American Secretary of State George Catlett Marshall for the Marshall Plan.

1954

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

1955-1956

Not awarded.

1957

Lester Bowles Pearson (Canada), president of the 7th session of the United Nations General Assembly.

1958

George Henri Pire[?] (Belgium), leader of L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde[?], a relief organization for refugees.

1959

Philip J. Noel-Baker[?] (UK), for his lifelong ardent work for international peace and co-operation.

1960

Albert John Lutuli[?] (South Africa), president of the ANC (African National Congress).

1961

Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld[?] (Sweden), secretary-general of the UN (awarded posthumously).

1962

Linus Carl Pauling (USA) for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing.

1963

International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. : League of Red Cross Societies, Geneva.

1964

Martin Luther King Jr (USA), campaigner for civil rights.

1965

United Nation's Children's Fund (UNICEF)

1966-1967

Not awarded.

1968

René Cassin[?] (France), president of the European Court for Human Rights[?].

1969

International Labour Organization (I.L.O.), Geneva.

1970

Norman Borlaug[?] (USA), for research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center[?].

1971

Willy Brandt (Germany), for West Germany's Ostpolitik, embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and East Germany[?].

1972

Not awarded.

1973

Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger (USA) and Foreign Minister Le Duc Tho (Vietnam, declined) for the Vietnam peace accord.

1974

Séan Mac Bride[?] (Ireland), president of the International Peace Bureau[?] and the Commission of Namibia of the United Nations. : Eisaku Sato (Japan), prime minister.

1975

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (USSR) for his campaigning for human rights.

1976

Betty Williams[?] and Mairead Corrigan[?], founders of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement[?] (later renamed Community of Peace People[?]).

1977

Amnesty International, London.

1978

President Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat[?] (Egypt) and Prime Minister Menachem Begin (Israel) for negotiating peace between Egypt and Israel.

1979

Mother Teresa (India)

1980

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (Argentina), human rights

1981

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

1982

Alva Myrdal (Sweden) and Alfonso García Robles[?] (Mexico), delegates to the United Nations General Assembly on Disarmament.

1983

Lech Walesa (Poland), founder of Solidarnosc and campaigner for human rights.

1984

Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu (South Africa) for his work against apartheid.

1985

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Boston.

1986

Elie Wiesel (USA).

1987

Oscar Arias Sanchez (Costa Rica) for initiating peace negotations in Central America.

1988

The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces[?], New York.

1989

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.

1990

President Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (USSR) for helping to end the Cold War.

1991

Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma), opposition leader and human rights advocate.

1992

Rigoberta Menchu Tum (Guatemala), for campaigning for human rights, especially for indigenous peoples.

1993

President Nelson Mandela (South Africa) and Former President Frederik Willem de Klerk (South Africa).

1994

PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat (Palestine), Foreign Minister Shimon Peres (Israel) and Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (Israel).

1995

Joseph Rotblat[?] (Poland/UK) and the Pugwash[?] Conferences on Science and World Affairs, for their efforts in the fight against nuclear arms.

1996

Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo (East Timor) and Jose Ramos-Horta (East Timor) for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor.

1997

International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)[?] and Jody Williams[?] (VVAF) for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines.

1998

John Hume (UK) and David Trimble (UK) for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland.

1999

Medecins Sans Frontieres, Brussels.

2000

President Kim Dae Jung (South Korea) for his work for democracy and human rights, and in particular for peace and reconciliation with North Korea.

2001

The United Nations and its secretary-general Kofi Annan (Ghana)

2002

Jimmy Carter - former President of USA "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"

See also: Pacifism, List of pacifists

External links

• The Nobel Foundation (http://www.nobel.se/)
• The Norwegian Nobel Institute (http://www.nobel.no/)