GroenLinks

GroenLinks (GL, GreenLeft) is a political party in the Netherlands. The party represents a number of social ideas, found in the various groups among the ranks of the party: socialism and pacifism (hence, Left); the party emphasises the conservation of nature and the environment (hence, Green). The pacifist principles of GroenLinks were placed under heavy pressure after the September 11 Terrorist Attack, during the decision-making by the cabinet and the Lower House regarding the active participation of Dutch forces in the war against terrorism. Ultimately the faction approved the plans after a promise from the cabinet that the Netherlands would not take direct part in any fighting.

The party was founded on March 1, 1989 as an amalgamation of the Politieke Partij Radicalen[?] (PPR, 1968), the Pacifistisch Socialistische Patij[?] (PSP, 1958), the Communistische Partij Nederland[?] (CPN, 1909) and the Evangelische Volks Partij[?] (EVP, 1981).

GroenLinks had about 12,000 members in December 2001, but this number rose dramatically during the period surrounding the two elections in 2002 and 2003 and the murder of Pim Fortuyn. It reached 21,000 in February 2003.

Development of the number of seats in the Lower House, of the 150 available:

1972 - 16 (7 PPR, 7 CPN, 2 PSP)

1977 - 6 (3 PPR, 2 CPN, 1 PSP)

1981 - 9 (3 PPR, 3 CPN, 3 PSP)

1982 - 9 (2 PPR, 3 CPN, 3 PSP, 1 EVP)

1986 - 3 (2 PPR, 1 PSP)

1991 - 6 (GL)

1994 - 5

1998 - 11

2002 - 10

2003 - 8

GroenLinks was represented in the Lower House for the first time in 1989. In 1998 it had 11 seats, 5 of which it allocated to women. In 2002 the number of its seats declined slightly to 10. Shortly thereafter, in the 2003 elections, its number of seats declined further to 8.

Leader of the Lower House faction

2003 - now Femke Halsema[?]

1994 - 2003 Paul Rosenmöller[?]

1993 - 1994 Peter Lankhorst[?]

1989 - 1993 Ria Beckers[?]-de Bruijn

Head of the party's election list (lijsttrekker)

2003: Femke Halsema

1998, 2002: Paul Rosenmöller

1994: Ina Brouwer[?] and Mohammed Rabbae[?]

1991: Ria Beckers

Rosenmöller announced on November 15, 2002 that he would retire from the Lower House after the January 22, 2003 elections. On November 23, Femke Halsema was chosen to succeed him.