United States Navy

Creation of the US Navy

The United States Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which the Continental Congress established on October 13, 1775 by authorizing the procurement, fitting out, manning, and dispatch of two armed vessels to cruise in search of munitions ships supplying the British Army in America. The legislation also established a Naval Committee to supervise the work. All together, the Continental Navy numbered some fifty ships over the course of the war, with approximately twenty warships active at its maximum strength.

After the American War for Independence, Congress sold the surviving ships of the Continental Navy and released the seamen and officers. The Constitution of the United States, ratified in 1789, empowered Congress "to provide and maintain a navy." Acting on this authority, Congress ordered the construction and manning of six frigates on March 27, 1794 and in 1797 the first three frigates, USS United States, USS Constellation and USS Constitution went into service.

The War Department administered naval affairs from that year until Congress established the Department of the Navy on April 30, 1798.

History of the US Navy

to be written

The US navy in World War II

to be written

Development of modern US Navy power

to be written

Submarine warfare and the US submarine nuclear deterrent

to be written

Ships of the US Navy

The names of combat ships of the US Navy all start with USS, meaning 'United States Ship'. Non-combat, civilian-manned vessels of the US Navy have names that begin with USNS, standing for 'United States Navy Ship'.

The US Navy uses a letter based Hull classification symbol to designate a vessel's type.

Modern large ships use nuclear reactors for power. See United States Naval reactor for information on classification schemes and the history of nuclear powered vessels.

Notable Ships

(See List of ships of the United States Navy for a more complete listing.)

Aircraft carriers are the major strategic arm of the Navy. They put US air power within reach of most land-based military power.

• USS Hornet
• USS John C. Stennis
• USS Kitty Hawk
• USS George Washington - sixth ship of the Nimitz class
• USS Enterprise

Submarines are the other major strategic arm of the Navy as they can be used directly to control naval and shipping activity by other powers as well as serving as missile-launching platforms.

• USS Argonaut - two submarines
• USS Tang - two submarines
• USS Nautilus - first nuclear submarine (1955)
• USS Greeneville
• USS Thresher - sunk in an accident in 1963
• USS Scorpion - lost in an accident in 1968
• USS Ohio - first boat in the Ohio class, launched 1979
• USS George Washington - first fleet ballistic missile submarine
• USS Memphis
• USS Glenard P. Lipscomb
• USS City of Corpus Christi
• Benjamin Franklin class
• USS Tecumseh
• USS Tullibee
• USS Triton
• USS Halibut
• Sturgeon class
• Los Angeles Class
• Seawolf class
• Ohio class
• Virginia class
• NR-1 Deep Submergence Craft
• Bathyscaphe Trieste
• USS R-14
• USS R-19
• USS S-1

Battleships

• USS Arizona - Pennsylvania class, sunk at Pearl Harbor
• USS Missouri - Iowa class, the last US battleship built
• USS Texas - Flagship of D-Day, sister ship to USS Arizona

Cruisers

• USS Indianapolis - heavy cruiser, sunk by Japanese submarine

Frigates

• Oliver Hazard Perry class
  • USS Stark
  • USS Reuben James - launched February 8, 1985

Destroyers

• USS Reuben James - first US ship sunk in WWII
• USS Cole - badly damaged by an attack in Aden, Yemen
• USS Somers
• USS Winston Churchill

Others

• USS Liberty - intelligence vessel badly damaged by the Israelis
• USS Peleliu - amphibious assault ship

Early Vessels

• USS Constitution - "Old Ironsides," oldest commissioned warship afloat
• USS Monitor - first US ironclad warship, also first rotating turret
• USS Merrimac - a wooden warship rebuilt by the Confederates as the ironclad CSS Virginia
• CSS Hunley - First Submarine successfully used in combat. Built by the Confederates near the end of the Civil War. Sank the USS Husitania with its spar-mounted torpedo, but was sunk during or soon after the same battle, with all hands on board.

Weapons Systems

• Trident missile
• Poseidon missile
• Tomahawk missile
• Polaris missile
• Naval Space Surveillance System
• CIWS

Naval Aircraft

• A-4 Skyhawk[?]
• AV-8_Harrier_II
• E-2 Hawkeye
• EA-6B Prowler[?]
• ES-3 Shadow
• FH-1 Phantom
• F-14 Tomcat
• F/A-18 Hornet
• F-35 Joint Strike Fighter
• H-3 Sea King
• CH-46 Sea Knight
• CH-53 Sea Stallion[?]
• SH-2 Seasprite
• SH-60F Sea Hawk[?]
• P-3C Orion
• S-3 Viking
• V-22 Osprey

Notable members of the US Navy

• George H. W. Bush - former US President, youngest Naval Aviator in World War II
• Vern Clark - current Chief of Naval Operations
• George Dewey - Hero of the Battle of Manila Bay in Spanish-American War
• David Farragut - American Civil War Admiral
• Wilson Flagg - retired Admiral, killed in Sept 11 attack
• John Paul Jones - commander during the American Revolution
• John F. Kennedy - former US President, decorated PT Boat commander in World War II
• Richard M. Nixon -- former US President, supply officer in World War II
• Matthew Perry - Commodore who forced the opening of Japan
• Hyman G. Rickover - Admiral, "Father of the Nuclear Navy"
• John Young - Apollo astronaut

See Also

• Seabees, US Navy Construction Battalions, hence CBs
• Navy SEAL, special forces
• BUPERS

• Ship-Submarine recycling program
• United States armed forces
• United States Secretary of the Navy
• Comparative military ranks

Naval Bases

• Guantanamo Bay - small section on the south coast of Cuba is being leased by the United States and is used as a naval base.

External Links

• The Navy's official web site (http://www.navy.mil).