In philosophy, substance means, approximately, that element of an object without which it would not exist. In the millennia-old Aristotelian tradition[?], as well as early modern[?] traditions that follow it, substances are treated as having attributes[?] and modes[?].
... Barents, (1550?-1597), Dutch, died on Nova Zembla seeking the Northeast Passage[?]
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta, (1304?-1377?), Moroccan Muslim, ...