Song Dynasty (960-1279)

The Song Dynasty (宋朝 960-1279) followed the Period of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms and preceded the Yuan Dynasty in China. The period is divided into the Northern Song (until 1126) in which the Song controlled both Northern and Southern China and when the capital was in Kaifeng, and the Southern Song in which the Song lost control of Northern China to the Liao dynasty and then Jin dynasty and retreated south of the Yangtze to form its capital at Hangzhou. Because Chinese diplomatic theory did not recognize relations between equal states, the Southern Song was technically a tributary state of the northern dynasty.

major battles: Battle of Xiangyang, Battle of Yamen

Song dynasty 960-1279

Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4)	Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )	Born Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Convention: "Song" + temple name or posthumous name except last emperor who was revered as Song Di Bing[?] (宋帝昺 song4 di4 bing3)
Bei (Northern) Song dynasty, 960- 1127
Tai Zu|太祖 tai4 zu3	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Kuang Yin|趙匡胤 zhao4 kuang1 yin4	960-976	Jianlong (建隆 jian4 long2) 960-963 Qiande (乾德 qian2 de2) 963-968 Kaibao (開寶 kai1 bao3) 968-976
Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Kuang Yi|趙匡義 zhao4 kuang1 yi4 or Zhao Guang Yi|趙光義 zhao4 guang1 yi4	976-997	Taipingxingguo (太平興國 tai4 ping2 xing1 guo2) 976-984 Yongxi (雍熙 yong1 xi1) 984-987 Duangong (端拱 duan1 gong3) 988-989 Chunhua (淳化 chun2 hua4) 990-994 Zhidao (至道 zhi4 dao4) 995-997
Zhen Zong (真宗 zhen1 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Heng|趙恆 zhao4 heng2	997-1022	Xianping (咸平 xian2 ping2) 998-1003 Jingde (景德 jing3 de2) 1004-1007 Dazhongxiangfu (大中祥符 da4 zhong1 xiang2 fu2) 1008-1016 Tianxi (天禧 tian1 xi1) 1017-1021 Qianxing (乾興 qian2 xing1) 1022
Ren Zong (仁宗 ren2 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Zhen|趙禎 zhao4 zhen1	1022-1063	Tiansheng (天聖 tian1 sheng4) 1023-1032 Mingdao (明道ming2 dao4) 1032-1033 Jingyou (景祐 jing3 you4) 1034-1038 Baoyuan (寶元 bao3 yuan2) 1038-1040 Kangding (康定 kang1 ding4) 1040-1041 Qingli (慶曆 qing4 li4) 1041-1048 Huangyou (皇祐 huang2 you4) 1049-1054 Zhihe (至和 zhi4 he2) 1054-1056 Jiayou (嘉祐 jia1 you4) 1056-1063
Ying Zong (英宗 ying1 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Shu|趙曙 zhao4 shu4	1063-1067	Zhiping (治平 zhi4 ping2) 1064-1067
Shen Zong (神宗 shen2 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Xu|趙頊 zhao4 xu1	1067-1085	Xining (熙寧 xi1 ning2) 1068-1077 Yuanfeng (元豐 yuan2 feng1) 1078-1085
Zhe Zong (哲宗 zhe2 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Xu|趙煦 zhao4 xu3	1085-1100	Yuanyou (元祐 yuan2 you4) 1086-1094 Shaosheng (紹聖 shao4 sheng4) 1094-1098 Yuanfu (元符 yuan2 fu2) 1098-1100
Hui Zong (徽宗 hui1 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Ji|趙佶 zhao4 ji2	1100-1125	Jianzhongjingguo (建中靖國 jian4 zhong1 jing4 guo2) 1101 Chongning (崇寧 chong2 ning2) 1102-1106 Daguan (大觀 da4 guan1) 1107-1110 Zhenghe (政和 zheng4 he2) 1111-1118 Chonghe (重和 chong2 he2) 1118-1119 Xuanhe (宣和 xuan1 he2) 1119-1125
Qin Zong (欽宗 qin1 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Huan|趙桓 zhao4 huan2	1125-1127	Jingkang (靖康 jing4 kang1) 1126-1127
Nan (Southern) Song dynasty, 1127- 1279
Gao Zong (高宗 gao1 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Gou|趙構 zhao4 gou4	1127-1162	Jianyan (靖炎 jing4 yan2) 1127-1130 Shaoxing (紹興 shao4 xing1) 1131-1162
Xiao Zong (孝宗 xiao4 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Shen|趙慎 zhao4 shen4	1162-1189	Longxing (隆興 long2 xing1) 1163-1164 Qiandao (乾道 qian2 dao4) 1165-1173 Chunxi (淳熙 chun2 xi1) 1174-1189
Guang Zong (光宗 guang1 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Dun|趙惇 zhao4 dun1	1189-1194	Shaoxi (紹熙 chun2 xi1) 1190-1194
Ning Zong (寧宗 ning2 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Kuo|趙擴 zhao4 kuo4	1194-1224	Qingyuan (慶元 qing4 yuan2) 1195-1200 Jiakai (嘉泰 jia1 kai4) 1201-1204 Kaixi (開禧 kai1 xi1) 1205-1207 Jiading (嘉定 jia1 ding4) 1208-1224
Li Zong (理宗 li3 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Yun|趙昀 zhao4 yun2	1224-1264	Baoqing (寶慶 bao3 qing4) 1225-1227 Shaoding (紹定 shao4 ding4) 1228-1233 Duanping (端平 duan1 ping2) 1234-1236 Jiaxi (嘉熙 jia1 xi1) 1237-1240 Chunyou (淳祐 chun2 you4) 1241-1252 Baoyou (寶祐 bao3 you4) 1253-1258 Kaiqing (開慶 kai1 qing4) 1259 Jingding (景定 jing3 ding4) 1260-1264
Du Zong (度宗 du4 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Qi|趙祺 zhao4 qi2	1264-1274	Xianchun (咸淳 xian2 chun2) 1265-1274
Did not exist	Gong Di (恭帝 gong1 di4)	Zhao Xian|趙顯 zhao4 xian3	1274-1276	Deyou (德祐 de2 you4) 1275-1276
Duan Zong (端宗 duan1 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhao Shi|趙是 zhao4 shi4	1276-1278	Jingyan (景炎 jing3 yan2) 1276-1278
Did not exist	Di (帝 di4) or Wei Wang (衛王 wei4 wang2)	Zhao Bing|趙昺 zhao4 bing3	1278-1279	Xiangxing (祥興 xiang2 xing1) 1278-1279

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See also: Chinese history, Chinese sovereign, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Liao dynasty, Jin dynasty, Western Xia, Mongols, Gunpowder, Printing press, Battle of Yamen, Wang An-shih