Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin

He joined the Bolsheviks in 1906 and was exiled from Russia from 1911 until just before the Russian Revolution, writing several books and editing the newspaper Novy Mir with Trotsky and Kollontai[?]. On his return to Russia in August 1917 he was elected to the Central Committee. After the revolution he also became editor of Pravda. Bukharin led the opposition to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk but he later accepted Lenin's policies, encouraging the development of the New Economic Policy in 1921. He became a full member of the Politburo in 1924 and president of the Communist International (Comintern) in 1926.

Following the death of Lenin he was part of the ruling group allying himself with Kamenev and Zinoviev. When he opposed Stalin's proposed collectivization of agriculture in 1928, he lost his Politburo post within a year. Arrested in 1937, Bukharin was tried in March 1938 as part of the Trial of the Twenty One for conspiring to overthrow the Soviet state. He made a 'confession' and was shot by the NKVD.

He was officially rehabilitated by the Soviet state in 1988.