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Here is a summary of the most common graphics file formats:

image format

Common Raster Graphics Formats
file extension	MIME type	proper name	description
.bmp	image/bmp	Windows Bitmap	Commonly used by Microsoft Windows programs, and the Windows operating system itself. Lossless compression can be specified, but some programs use only uncompressed files.
.iff .ilbm	?	Interchange file format / Interleave bitmap	File format popular on the Amiga computer. ILBM[?] is a subtype of the IFF fileformat, which can contain more as just pictures.
.tiff, .tif	image/tiff	Tagged Image File Format	Used extensively for traditional print graphics. Lossy and non-lossy compression available, but many programs only support a subset of available options.
.png	image/png	Portable Network Graphics	Non-lossy compressed bitmap image format, originally designed to replace the use of GIF on the web. Free of the patent associated with GIF.
.gif	image/gif	Graphics Interchange Format	Used extensively on the web, but sometimes avoided due to patent issues. Supports animated images. Supports only 255 colors per frame, so requires lossy quantization for full-color photos; using multiple frames can improve color precision. Uses non-lossy, patented LZW compression.
.jpeg .jpg	image/jpeg	Joint Photographic Experts Group	Used extensively for photos on the web. Uses lossy compression; the quality can vary greatly depending on the compression settings.
.mng	video/x-mng	Multiple-image Network Graphics	Animation format using datastreams similar to those of PNG and JPEG, originally designed to replace the use of animated GIF on the web. Free of the patent associated with animated GIF.
.xpm	image/x-xpm	X-Pixmap	Used almost exclusively on UNIX platforms with the X Window System. An ASCII format which uses no compression.
.psd	?	Photoshop Document	Standard Adobe format for Photoshop documents. Has many extra features such as image layering. Supported by very few programs other than Adobe Photoshop.
.psp	?	Paint Shop Pro Document	Standard Jasc format for Paint Shop Pro documents, similar to .psd for Photoshop. Supported by very few other programs.
.xcf	?	eXperimental Computing Facility	Native format for the GIMP. Has many extra features such as image layering. Used mostly in the GIMP, but also readable by ImageMagick.
.ppm	?	Portable Pixmap Format	very simple graphics format; least common denominator for exchanging bitmaps.
?	?	OpenEXR	A high dynamic range imaging file format, open sourced by Industrial Light and Magic.

Common Vector Graphics Formats
file extension	MIME type	proper name	description
.ps	application/postscript	PostScript	Generic vector-based page description language, created and owned by Adobe. Postscript is a powerful stack-based programming language. Supported by many laser printers.
.eps	?	Encapsulated PostScript	A PostScript file that describes a small vector graphic, as opposed to a whole page or set of pages.
.pdf	application/pdf	Portable Document Format	A much simplified version of PostScript allowing for files containing multiple pages and links. Works with Adobe Acrobat Reader or Adobe eBook Reader.
.ai	application/illustrator	Adobe Illustrator Document	Vector format for Adobe Illustrator.
.fh	?	Macromedia Freehand Document	Vector format for Macromedia Freehand[?].
.swf	application/x-shockwave-flash	Flash	Flash is a web page plug-in that displays vector based animations contained in SWF files. Several applications can create SWF files; these include the Flash authoring tool from Macromedia.
.fla	?	Flash Source File	Shockwave Flash source file, only usable by Macromedia Flash authoring software.
.svg	image/svg+xml	Scalable Vector Graphics	An XML based vector graphics format, as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium for use in web browsers.
.wmf	image/x-wmf	Windows Metafile	Stores vector graphics and raster graphics as a sequence of commands to be issued to the graphics layer of the Microsoft Windows operating system.
.dxf	image/vnd.dxf	ASCII Drawing Interchange	Standard ASCII text files used to store vector data for CAD programs.
.cgm	image/cgm	Computer Graphics Metafile[?]	ISO Standard, hardly ever used in practice.

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