Geography of Afghanistan

Geographic coordinates: 33 00 N, 65 00 E

Map references: Asia

Area: total: 647,500 km² land: 647,500 sq km water: 0 sq km

Land boundaries: total: 5,529 km border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Rivers: Amu Darya, Kabul River[?], Hari Rud, Helmand River.

Climate: arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

Terrain: mostly rugged mountains - the Hindu Kush and connected ranges; plains in north and southwest

Elevation extremes: lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m highest point: Nowshak[?] 7,485 m

Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite[?], talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones

Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 46% forests and woodland: 3% other: 39% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 30,000 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding [?]

Environment - current issues: soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification

Environment - international agreements: party to: Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

Geography - note: landlocked

see also : Afghan Turkestan

Reference Much of the material in this article comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.