Cairo, Egypt, in its history[?] has had a significant number of fortified gates protecting both inner and outer city. Apart from the purpose of defense they were also used for differentiation of the varied social and economic classes. Often the gates were heavily decorated as artistic pieces.
... zero, guna[?], and vrdhii[?] grades. If V is the vowel of the zero grade, the guna grade vowel is traditionally thought of a V + a, and the vrdhii grade vowel as V + ...