Futurism is a term referring to writers of speculative fiction, scientists, and philosophers who propose and promote alternative technologically-advanced lifestyles based on the latest scientific discoveries. They tend to share interests in life extension, artificial intelligence, robotics, cryonics, the search for extraterrestrial life, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology all as means to enhance human evolution. As a result, many contemporary futurists call themselves "transhumanists." Futurists often confront traditional ethical systems based on religion.
... B. van Neil of Stanford University, while investigating photosynthetic bacteria, many of which do not release oxygen. One significant group of such organism are bacteria ...