Drug addiction

This dependence appears to be caused by the drugs' action on the central nervous system, where they appear to stimulate the neurotransmitter pathways of the brain by a variety of actions, such as simulating the effects of natural neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine.

When drug stimulation ceases, a variety of withdrawal symptoms may be felt, commonly including mental depression.

The desire for continued drug stimulation, and countering these withdrawal effects, is thought to be what drives drug-users to pursue more stimulants, causing a increasingly destructive cycle of psychological dependency on a stimulant or stimulants.

The most common drug addictions are to legal substances such as

• Alcohol
• Nicotine in the form of tobacco, particularly cigarettes
• Caffeine in the form of tea and coffee

Many legal drugs can be used in an addictive way.

In addition, a large number of other substances are of concern as illegal drugs, the most famous of which are heroin, cocaine, cannabis and MDMA.

In jurisdictions where addictive drugs are illegal, they are generally supplied by criminal drug dealers, often in the form of organized crime. The addict's need to support the high cost of illegal addictive drugs is one of the major causes of crime.

The War on Drugs is a U.S. attempt to reduce the harm caused by drug addiction and crime. Critics of the War on Drugs argue that like Prohibition, the 1920s attempt to control alcohol, the War on Drugs may actually be counter-productive. Instead, they call for the total or partial legalization of currently illegal addictive drugs.

Classes of drugs regulated by the U.S. Controlled Substances Act:

• Depressants[?]
• Hallucinogens
• Narcotics
• Stimulants
• Anabolic steroids

Drugs in particular and groups of drugs including Licit Drugs and Chemicals of Concern, as listed on the DEA website:

• Methamphetamine and other Amphetamines
• OxyContin
• Cocaine
• LSD
• Heroin
• Ketamine
• Marijuana
• MDMA (Ecstasy)
• Steroids
• other club drugs
• Anorectic Drugs[?]
• Barbiturates
• Benzodiazepines
• Buprenorphine[?]
• Butorphanol[?]
• Cannabis
• Chloral hydrate[?]
• Codeine
• Dextroproxyphene[?]
• Fentanyl
• Glutethimide
• Methaqualone
• Hashish
• Hashish oil
• Hydrocodone
• Hydromorphone[?] (Dilaudid®)
• Inhalants
• Khat
• LAAM[?]
• Meperidine[?]
• Meprobamate[?]
• Methadone
• Methcathinone[?]
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
• Morphine
• Opium
• Pentazocine[?] (Talwin®)
• Paraldehyde[?] (Paral®)
• Peyote
• Mescaline
• Phencyclidine (PCP)
• Psilocybin & Psilocyn[?] & other Tryptamines[?]
• Rohypnol® (Flunitrazepam)
• Thebaine

See also:List of celebrities who've suffered drug addiction

External links

• DEA list of drugs and drug types (http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/concern.htm)