Church of England

Although Christians were present in England since the fourth century or earlier, the Church of England traces its roots to Augustine of Canterbury, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, in the seventh century. See history of the Church of England. The English Church was under the jurisdiction of Rome until the reign of Henry VIII. The break with Rome came when Pope Clement VII refused to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Henry turned to Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, for his annulment, and upon procuring it, married Anne Boleyn. Henry VIII was excommunicated by Pope Clement VII in 1533.

Henry VIII was recognized as supreme head of the Church of England on February 11, 1531.

Making himself the head of the church not only made it possible for Henry to divorce but also gave him access to the considerable wealth that the Church had amassed. This was however at a time of major religious upheaval in Western Europe called the Reformation and some split was probably inevitable. As it is the Church of England retained a form of worship closer to the Catholic form than other Protestant churches. For example, the church has a hierarchical organization. The head of the Church of England is officially the reigning monarch, but its effective chief cleric remains the Archbishop of Canterbury. It has its own court system known as the Ecclesiastical courts.

The Church in Wales[?] was disestablished in 1920 and Wales is now an independent province of the Anglican communion.

On March 12, 1994 the Church of England ordained its first female priests.

Supreme Governors of the Church of England

• Henry VIII (1509-1547)
• Edward VI (1547-1553)
• Mary I (1553-1558)
• Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
• James I (1603-1625)
• Charles I (1625-1649)
• Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658)
• Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)
• Charles II (1660-1685)
• James II (1685-1688)
• Mary II (1689-1694) jointly with
• William III (1689-1702)
• Anne I (1702-1714)
• George I (1714-1727)
• George II (1727-1760)
• George III (1760-1820)
• George IV (1820-1830)
• William IV (1830-1837)
• Victoria (1837-1901)
• Edward VII (1901-1910)
• George V (1910-1936)
• Edward VIII (1936)
• George VI (1936-1952)
• Elizabeth II (1952-)

See also: List of Church of England dioceses. British monarchy, History of England, Anglicanism, Book of Common Prayer, Anglican Communion, General Synod, antidisestablishmentarianism