Ghazali

Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (born 1058 in Tus[?] -1111), Muslim theologian and philosopher, known as Algazel to the western medieval world. Al-Ghazali, or al-Ghazzali as he is written sometimes, contributed significantly to the development of a systematic view of Sufism and its integration and acceptance in mainstream Islam. He is also viewed as the key member of the influential Asharite school of early Muslim philosophy and the most important refuter of Mutazilites.

Works Theology

• al-Munqidh min al-dalal
• al-1qtisad fi'I-i`tiqad
• al-Risala al-Qudsiyya
• Kitab al-arba?in fi usul al-din
• Mizan al-?amal

• Ihya ?ulum al-din, "The revival of the religious sciences", Ghazali's most important work
• Kimiya?-yi sa?adat
• Mishkat al-anwar

• Maqasid al falasifa
• Tahafut al falasifa (the incoherence of the philosophers), of which Ibn Rushd wrote his famous refutation Tahafut al-tahafut (the incoherence of the incoherence)

• al-Mustasfa min ?ilm al-usul

• Mi?yar al-?ilm (The Standard Measure of Knowledge)
• al-Qistas al-mustaqim (The Just Balance)
• Mihakk al-nazar f'l-mantiq (The Touchstone of Proof in Logic)

Literature

• Laoust, H: La politique de Gazali, 1970
• Campanini, M.: Al-Ghazzali, in S.H. Nasr and O. Leaman, History of Islamic Philosophy 1996
• Watt, W M.: Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazali, Edinburgh 1963

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