"At every point from arrest to parole[?] there is little or no evidence of an overall racial effect, in that the percentage outcomes for blacks and whites are not very different. Support for the discrimination thesis is sparse, inconsistent, and frequently contradictory."
"The percentage of offenders described by victims as being black is generally constistent with the percent of offenders[?] who are black, according to arrest figures."
... negative implications, it merely designated anyone who assumed power for any period of time without a legitimate basis of authority.
The first to have the title of ...