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Use of poison gas in World War I
|
| Nation | Casualties (Estimated) | |
|---|---|---|
| Fatal | Non-Fatal | |
| Russia | 50,000 | 400,000 |
| Germany | 10,000 | 190,000 |
| France | 8,000 | 182,000 |
| Britain | 8,000 | 181,000 |
| Austria-Hungary | 3,000 | 97,000 |
| USA | 1,500 | 71,500 |
| Italy | 4,500 | 55,000 |
British gas casualties (Western Front)
| Date | Agent | Casualties (Official) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fatal | Non-fatal | ||
| Apr - May 1915 | Chlorine | 350 | 7,000 |
| May 1915 - Jun 1916 | Lachrymants | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 1916 - Aug 1916 | Chlorine | 1,013 | 4,207 |
| Jul 1916 - Jul 1917 | Various | 532 | 8,806 |
| Jul 1917 - Nov 1918 | Mustard gas | 4,086 | 160,526 |
A=Allies, G=Germany/Austria-Hungary
| Name | First use | Type | Used by |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorine | 1915 | Irritant/Lung | Both |
| Phosgene | 1915 | Both | |
| Chlormethyl chloroformate[?] | 1915 | Both | |
| Trichlormethyl chloroformate[?] | 1916 | Both | |
| Chloropicrin[?] | 1916 | Both | |
| Stannic chloride[?] | 1916 | A | |
| Phenyl chloride[?] | 1917 | G | |
| Dichloromethyl ether[?] | 1918 | G | |
| Diphenyl chlorasine[?] | 1917 | Irritant/Sternutatory | G |
| Ethyl dichlorarsine[?] | 1918 | G | |
| Ethyl carbazol[?] | 1918 | G | |
| Benzyl bromide[?] | 1915 | Lachrymatory | G |
| Xylyl bromide[?] | 1915 | G | |
| Methyl chlorosulphonate[?] | 1915 | G | |
| Ethyl iodoacetate[?] | 1916 | A | |
| Bromacetone[?] | 1916 | Both | |
| Methyl-ethyl ketone[?] | 1916 | G | |
| Acrolein[?] | 1916 | A | |
| Hydrocyanic acid[?] | 1916 | Paralysing | A |
| Sulphuretted hydrogen[?] | 1916 | A | |
| Mustard gas | 1917 | Vesicant | Both |
Estimated production of gases (by type)
| Nation | Production (metric tons) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irritant[?] | Lachrymatory[?] | Vesicant[?] | Total | |
| Austria-H | 5,080 | 255 | - | 5,335 |
| Britain | 23,870 | 1,010 | 520 | 25,400 |
| France | 34,540 | 810 | 2,040 | 37,390 |
| Germany | 55,880 | 3,050 | 10,160 | 69,090 |
| Italy | 4,070 | 205 | - | 4,275 |
| Russia | 3,550 | 155 | - | 3705 |
| USA | 5,590 | 5 | 175 | 5,770 |
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