Ring 0 is one of the privilege levels[?] in which an x86 processor can operate at any time. The others are rings 1[?], 2[?] and 3[?]. Of these most of the operating systems including Linux use only two levels, namely Ring 0 and Ring 3. Ring 0 is the highest privilege level and is the level at which the operating system kernel runs (kernel mode). Ring 3 is the lowest privilege level and is the level at which user applications are run.
... for the adsorbption and conversion of light into chemical energy, using chemical pathways with many important intermediates. Photosynthesis has two distinct stages, ...