Reentry is the term used to refer to the transition from the 
vacuum of 
space to the 
atmosphere of a 
planet or other celestial body.    This often occurs at high speed to take advantage of 
aerobraking (using wind resistance to slow the vehicle) and is a critical time for the 
spacecraft.   Any errors in this portion of the flight profile are difficult to recover from and will probably have large impact upon the mission.   Death and/or mission failures have occurred in this flight regime.
See also: Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
 
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