Materials are inputs to production[?] or manufacturing. They are often raw - that is unprocessed, but are sometimes processed before being used in more advanced production processes. In general, in technologically advanced societies, the materials are not finished consumer goods.
... discovered Hudson Bay
Alexander von Humboldt, (1769-1859), explored Central and South America, visited Siberia
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Helge Ingstad, (1899-2001), Norwegian, Danish explorer, ...