The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands. It was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference[?]. In 2002, 96 countries were party to the treaty. The Court deals in cases submitted to it by consent of the parties involved and handles cases between countries and between countries and private parties.
... the formula should be understood as "either of those element(s) of the field whose square equals b2 - 4ac". In some fields, some elements have no square ...