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Even permutation
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An even permutation is a permutation which can be produced by an even number of exchanges (called transpositions). For example, (1 3 2)=(1 2)(1 3) is an even permutation. See symmetric group for an elaboration.
An identity permutation is an even permutation as (1)=(1 2)(1 2).
The composition of two even permutations is again an even permutation, and so is the inverse of an even permutation: the even permutations of n letters form a group, the alternating group on n letters, denoted by An. This is a subgroup of the symmetric group Sn and contains n!/2 permutations.
An odd permutation is a permutation which is not an even permutation, equivalently, it is a product by odd number of transpositions.
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