The National Medal of Science of the United States was established
in 1959 by Congress and administered by the National Science Foundation. According to the NSF, the medal honors individuals who have significantly advanced knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. The award is judged by a committee of 12 scientists and engineers that reviews nominations. Approximately a dozen awards are given each year.
... allied himself with Suleiman against Charles. While Francis was persuaded to sign a peace treaty in 1538, he again allied himself with the Ottomans in 1542. In 1543 Charles ...