MPPC stands for
Motion Picture Patents Company, also known as the
Edison Trust[?], also known as the
First Oligopoly[?]. It was a trust of all the major film companies and the biggest supplier of raw film,
Eastman Kodak. The reason for it's decline are manifold. The most important ones are the misjudgement of consumer interest and the quick rise of the so-called
Independents, who later became the
Second Oligopoly[?]. There were also US Supreme Court decisions, in particular the one in 1912, which cancelled the patent on raw film, the one in 1915, which cancelled all MPPC patents and the
Sherman Antitrust Act in 1917, which ended the oligopoly, but at that time, the MPPC was already defeated.
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