So much "intermarriage" took place between the natives and the Cossacks that 'Kamchadal' now refers to the majority mixed population and the term "Itelmen" is reserved for persisting speakers of the original Kamchadal language (about a thousand).
The Kamchadal language (ethnonym: Itelmen) is distantly related to Chukchi and Koryak. A. P. Volodin has published a grammar of the language.
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