The Kalman filter (named after its inventor, Rudolf E Kalman[?]) is an efficient recursive computational solution of the least-squares method[?], which is applicable to distinguishing signals from noise so as to predict changes in a modeled system with time.
... is 3.32.
In the town the population is spread out with 25.2% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who are 65 years ...