Judiciary Act 1789

The Judiciary Act of 1789 established a United States Supreme Court of six judges, provided 13 district courts and 3 circuit courts. A clause granting the Supreme Court the right to issue writs of mandamus was declared unconstitutional by Marbury v. Madison 5 US 137 1803, the seminal case in American law. Thus the Judiciary Act of 1789 was the first act by Congress to be invalidated by the Supreme Court.