Haloperidol

The drug is used in the control of the symptoms of acute psychosis, acute schizophrenia or manic phases, hyperactivity[?], and also to control aggression, agitation, and psychotic thinking. It has also been used in delusional individuals and to treat Tourette's syndrome. It has been used in the treatment of a number of other conditions but without widespread approval. It has strong tranquiliser effects and works by acting on the dopamine receptors in the brain.

Haloperidol is an odourless white to yellow crystalline powder. Its chemical name is 4-[4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4'-fluorobutyrophenone and its empirical formula is C₂₁H₂₃ClFNO₂

The drug is noted for its strong extrapyramidal side-effects. Common side effects include dry-mouth, lethargy, muscle-stiffness, muscle-cramping, tardive dyskinesia[?], tremors, and weight-gain. The risk of tardive dyskinesia is around 4% in younger patients, higher than in most other antipsychotic drugs, in patients over the age of 45 the percentage afflicted can be much higher. These symptoms can be permanent, despite discontinuation of the medication. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMA) is a possible side effect of long-term use.

As well as Haloperidol the decanoate ester Haloperidol decanoate can be used or Haloperidol Lactate. The decanoate has a greatly extended duration of effect.