Derived from the 
Latin fumus, 
smoke, a 
fumarole is an opening in 
Earth's (or any other 
astronomical body's) 
crust, often in the neighborhood of 
volcanoes, which emit 
steam and 
gases such as 
carbon dioxide, 
hydrochloric acid, and 
hydrogen sulfide. The name 
solfatara, from the 
Italian solfo, sulfur (via the 
Sicilian dialect), is given to fumaroles that emit 
sulfurous gases.
Perhaps the greatest area of fumarole activity on Earth is the famous Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes[?], adjacent to Katmai volcano[?] in Alaska.
 
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