Counseling has been described as psychotherapy for the masses. Various schools of therapeutic practice tap into the market for personal advice and guidance. Depending on one's opinion of the counselling methods used, one could place them anywhere on a scale from New Agepseudoscience via conventional religious pastoral care to benevolent common sense.
... Physics - Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh[?]
Chemistry - Sir William Ramsay
Medicine - Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Literature - Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray Y ...