Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria

The marriage to Napoleon, in 1811, linked her father's Austrian Empire with Napoleon's France. The empress had a son, Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles Bonaparte, styled King of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt[?]. After Napoleon's abdication Marie Louise and her son fled Paris to Blois then to Vienna where she remained until granted the Duchy of Parma by her family.

As Duchess of Parma, and after Napoleon's death, she married Adam-Adalbert, Count of Neipperg by whom she had two sons. Widowed again, in 1834 she married Charles-René, Count of Bombelles.

Duchess Marie Louise died on December 17, 1847 in Parma.