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Velomobile

A velomobile is a human-powered vehicle, fully enclosed for protection from weather and possibly from collisions. They are virtually always single-passenger vehicles. They are derived from bicycles and tricycles[?], with the addition of a full fairing (aerodynamic shell). There are few manufacturers of velomobiles; many are homebuilt. Some models have the operator's head exposed; this has the advantage of giving the operator unobstructed vision, hearing, and some cooling, with the disadvantage of being more exposed to weather.

A practical velomobile has many competing requirements. It should have as many of the following characteristics as possible.

Light weight.
Good visibility for the operator (clear front vision is especially important, but a 360 degree view is also desireable).
Good maneuverability (steering, braking).
Safety in collision and over bad roads.
Good ventilation, including a windscreen defroster. This should be adjustable for more cooling in warmer weather.
Many gears; a vehicle that is heavier but more aerodynamic than a bicycle needs a wider gearing range than a bicycle.
Good aerodynamics.
Good suspension.
Reliable operation.
Strength: wheels, brakes, transmission, need to be more robust than on a lightweight bicycle.
Cargo capacity suitable for everyday shopping.
Low noise, for both the comfort of the operator and safety in traffic.
Multiple tracks (tricycle or quadracycle design) for safety and practicality in slippery weather.
Good lighting system.
Good visibility to others (reflectors, horns).
Low price.

The Leitra http://www.leitra.dk is currently the commercial velomobile in production for the longest period of time--since 1983. Other manufacturers include http://www.cab-bike.com/, Quest, Mango, and Alleweder at http://www.velomobiel.nl/, and http://www.go-one.de/ukindex.shtml .

http://www.ihpva.org/pipermail/velomobile/ contains a discussion list about velomobiles. http://home.gwi.net/velomobile/ contains information about velomobiles from a North American viewpoint.