Johannes Diderik van der Waals, a 1910 Nobel Prize winner, was responsible for a number of advances in physical chemistry. You might want to read:
... area of 7.7 km² (3.0 mi²). 7.5 km² (2.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.35% water. ...