Valence is a somewhat outdated concept in chemistry. It is a number that tries to predict with how many neighboring atoms a certain atom can form a bond. For redox reactions it has been superseded by the concept of oxidation number.
... curled back) (t, th, d, dh, n)
Dental (tongue against teeth, like Spanish) (t, th, d, dh, n)
Labial (with the lips[?]) (p, ph, b, bh, m)
It also has four ...