United States Department of Education

The United States Department of Education was created in 1979 (by PL 96-88) as a Cabinet-level department of the United States government, and began operating in 1980. Its functions were previously in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare[?] which was divided into the Department of Education and Department of Health and Human Services when President Carter signed the Department of Education Organization Act[?] into law on October 17, 1979. It began operation on May 4, 1980. It is administered by the United States Secretary of Education.

Unlike the educational system of many other countries, education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the Federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curriculum or educational standards. Rather, the primary function of the United States Department of Education is to administer federal funding programs involving education and to enforce federal educational laws involved with privacy and civil rights.

A previous Department of Education was created in 1867, but was soon demoted to an Office in 1868. Its creation in 1979 was controversial and opposed by many in the Republican Party, who saw the Department as unwanted Federal bureaucratic intrusion into local affairs. Throughout the 1980s, the abolition of the Department of Education was a part of the Republican Party platform, but several Republican administrations declined to implement this idea, and by the 1990s there was bipartisan support for the continuation of the department.

Operating Units

• Office of Federal Student Aid
• Office for Civil Rights
• Office of Educational Research and Improvement
• Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
• Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students
• Office of Postsecondary Education
• Office of Special Educational and Rehabilitation Services
• Office of Vocational and Adult Education

Related Legislation

Primary Education

• 1958 - National Defense Education Act PL 85-864
• 1965 - Elementary and Secondary Education Act[?] PL 89-10
• 1967 - Expansion of Head Start[?] program PL 90-222
• 1979 - Department of Education Organization Act[?] PL 96-88
• 1994 - Goals 2000: Educate America Act[?] PL 103-227
• 2002 - No Child Left Behind Act[?] PL 107-110

Higher Education

• 1944 - Servicemen’s Readjustment Act[?] PL 78-346
• 1952 - Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act[?] PL 82-550
• 1958 - National Defense Education Act PL 85-864
• 1963 - Health Professions Education Assistance Act[?] PL 88-129
• 1963 - Higher Education Facilities Act[?] PL 88-204
• 1964 - National Defense Education Act Amendments[?] PL 88-665
• 1965 - Health Professions Education Assistance Act Extension[?] PL 89-290
• 1965 - Higher Education Act[?] PL 89-329
• 1972 - Higher Education Act Amendments[?] PL 92-318
• 1978 - Middle Income Student Assistance Act[?] PL 95-566
• 1979 - Department of Education established PL 96-88
• 1992 - Higher Education Act[?] PL 102-325
• 1993 - Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act[?] PL 103-66

External Links

• United States Department of Education website (http://www.ed.gov/)
• How is the Department of Education Organized? (http://www.ed.gov/pubs/overview/howis)