Tyre

This is about the city of Tyre. Tyre is also the British spelling of tire.

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Tyre (meaning a rock) is an ancient Phoenician city in Lebanon on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, about 23 miles, in a direct line, north of Acre, and 20 south of Sidon. Sidon was the oldest Phoenician city, but Tyre had a longer and more illustrious history. The modern city is named Sur.

The commerce of the whole world was gathered into the warehouses of Tyre. "Tyrian merchants were the first who ventured to navigate the Mediterranean waters; and they founded their colonies on the coasts and neighbouring islands of the Aegean Sea, in Greece, on the northern coast of Africa, at Carthage and other places, in Sicily and Corsica, in Spain at Tartessus, and even beyond the pillars of Hercules at Gadeira (Cadiz)" (Driver's Isaiah). In the time of David a friendly alliance was entered into between the Hebrews and the Tyrians, who were long ruled over by their native kings.

Tyre consisted of two distinct parts, a rocky fortress on the mainland, called "Old Tyre," and the city, built on a small, rocky island about half-a-mile distant from the shore. It was a place of great strength. It was besieged by Shalmaneser, who was assisted by the Phoenicians of the mainland, for five years, and by Nebuchadnezzar (B.C. 586-573) for thirteen years, apparently without success. It afterwards fell under the power of Alexander the Great, after a siege of seven months, but continued to maintain much of its commercial importance till the Christian era.

In A.D. 1291 it was taken by the Saracens.

Here a church was founded soon after the death of Stephen, and Paul, on his return from his third missionary journey spent a week in conversation with the disciples there.

"It is noticed on monuments as early as B.C. 1500, and claiming, according to Herodotus, to have been founded about B.C. 2700. It had two ports still existing, and was of commercial importance in all ages, with colonies at Carthage (about B.C. 850) and all over the Mediterranean. It was often attacked by Egypt and Assyria, and taken by Alexander the Great after a terrible siege in B.C. 332. It is now a town of 3,000 inhabitants, with ancient tombs and a ruined cathedral. A short Phoenician text of the fourth century B.C. is the only monument yet recovered."

The city of Tyre was particularly known for the production of a rare sort of purple dye, known as Tyrian purple. This color was, in many cultures of ancient times, reserved for the use of royalty, or at least nobility.

List of kings of Tyre:

Abibaal[?]

Hiram I 969-936

Baal-eser I[?] 935-919

Abdastrato[?] 918-910

Ithobaal I 887-856

Baal-azor II[?] 855-830

Mattan II[?] 829-821

Pygmalion 820-774

Ithobaal II[?] 750-740

Hiram II[?] 739-730

Mattan II[?] 730-729

Elulaios (Luli) 729-694

Baal I[?] 680-640

Ithobaal III

Baal II

Mattan III

Hiram III

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Initial text from Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897 -- Please update as needed - now somewhat updated