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Spine (biology)

A spine is a rigid, pointed surface protrubance, sometimes used to provide a defensive mechanism against attack. For example, the quills of a porcupine, the needles of a cactus, or the thorns of a shrub. They can contain poisons, some of which can cause paralysis.



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... colonisers; Africans brought to Brazil as slaves; various other European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant groups who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th ...

 
 
 
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