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Shang Dynasty
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Shang Dynasty (商 1600 BC - 1046 BC[?]) followed Xia Dynasty and preceded Zhou Dynasty in China. Information about the Shang dynasty comes from bronze artifacts and oracle bones[?] which are turtle shells on which were written the first records Chinese characters. These bones typically had three sections: a question for the oracle, the oracle's answer, and whether the oracle later proved to be correct.
| Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) |
|---|
| Convention: posthumous name or King + posthumous name |
| Note: 1) all dates are approximate until the Duumvirate when first accurate dating of Chinese history began. Refer to Zhou dynasty for more info. 2) Personal names of most of the Shang sovereigns were unknown. The following names were most likely posthumous owing to frequent appearances of the Heavenly Stems (Tian Gan|天干 tian1 gan1). |
| Tang|湯 tang1 or Shang Tang|商湯 shang1 tang1 |
| Wai Bing|外丙 wai4 bing3 |
| Zhong Ren|仲壬 zhong4 ren2 |
| Tai Jia|太甲 tai4 jia3 |
| Wo Ding|沃丁 wo4 ding1 |
| Tai Geng|太庚 tai4 geng1 |
| Xiao Jia|小甲 xiao3 jia3 |
| Yong Ji|雍己 yong1 ji3 |
| Tai Wu|太戊 tai4 wu4 |
| Zhong Ding|仲丁 zhong4 ding1 |
| Wai Ren|外壬 wai4 ren2 |
| He Dan Jia|河亶甲 he2 dan3 jia3 |
| Zu Yi|祖乙 zu3 yi3 |
| Zu Xin|祖辛 zu3 xin1 |
| Wo Jia|沃甲 wo4 jia3 |
| Zu Ding|祖丁 zu3 ding1 |
| Nan Geng|南庚 nan2 geng1 |
| Yang Jia|陽甲 yang2 jia3 |
| Note: As Shang finally settled down at Yin (殷 yin1). The period of Shang Dynasty starting from Pang Geng (盤庚 pang2 geng1) is also frequently referred to as the Yin Dynasty. |
| Pang Geng|盤庚 pang2 geng1 |
| Xiao Xin|小辛 xiao3 xin1 |
| Xiao Yi|小乙 xiao3 yi3 |
| Wu Ding|武丁 wu3 ding1 |
| Zu Geng|祖庚 zu3 geng1 |
| Zu Jia|祖甲 zu3 jia3 |
| Lin Xin|廩辛 lin3 xin1 |
| Kang Ding|康丁 kang1 ding1 |
| Wu Yi|武乙 wu3 yi3 |
| Tai Ding|太丁 tai4 ding1 or Wen Ding|文丁 wen2 ding1 |
| Di Yi|帝乙 di4 yi3 |
| Di Xin|帝辛 di4 xin1 or Zhou|紂 zhou4 or Zhou Xin|紂辛 zhou4 xin1 or Zhou Wang|紂王zhou4 wang2 |
| Note: King Zhou could also referred to as adding Shang (商 shang1) in front of any of his names. |
- Map of Shang (http://pub16.bravenet.com/photocenter/view.php?img=33922&usernum=1312371940) (large)
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